The biological characteristics and reproduction of yellow catfish
2019-05-09 08:05:28
The biological characteristics of stingrays and the breeding of stingrays, commonly known as sturgeon, crucian carp, yellow amberjack, yellow laden, yellow finned fish, etc., distributed in rivers, lakes, ditches and other waters in China, where they live in benthic habitats, and are omnivorous. Is a high-quality precious economic fish. The fish has large output, delicate meat, less thorns, delicious taste, rich nutrition, and high medicinal value. It is very popular in domestic and foreign markets, especially the large-size fresh fish is in short supply. According to analysis, the edible portion per 100 grams of fish contains 16.1 grams of protein, 2.1 grams of fat, 2.3 grams of carbohydrates, 154 milligrams of calcium, 504 milligrams of phosphorus, and contains a variety of essential amino acids, especially glutamic acid and lysine. High acid content, with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and other effects, and therefore love the vast number of consumers, but also in Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other countries also have great market potential, is the export of fine varieties. In natural waters, the growth rate of the stingray is slow, and its market size is small, which affects the market development to some extent. Therefore, artificial breeding of yellow catfish is imperative.
Friendship Feed Co., Ltd. to meet the needs of the vast number of fishermen friends, to help everyone get rich as soon as possible, according to the market form, this year launched the sturgeon feed, and in Tianjin and other regions for breeding experiments, and achieved better results, the following A systematic description of fish life habits and culture methods:
First, biological characteristics
(A) living habits of stingrays mostly in quiet water or slow river flow activities, hi bentoe habitat, during the day inhabit the bottom of the lake, at night to swim to the water layer foraging. The ability to adapt to the environment is strong because it can live in adverse environmental conditions.
The fish is a temperature of 0°C to 38°C. The optimum growth temperature is 25°C to 28°C, the pH value ranges from 6.0 to 9.0, and the optimum pH value is from 7.0 to 8.4. Resistant to hypoxia. Dissolved oxygen in the water grows well above 3 mg/l, floats below 2 mg/l, and suffocates below 1 mg/l.
(b) The diet of yellow catfish is mainly omnivorous. Foraging activities are generally carried out at night. Food includes small fish, shrimp, various terrestrial and aquatic insects (especially chironomid larvae), small molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates, and sometimes small fish. Different specifications of the yellow snapper have different food habits, body length 2 cm to 4 cm, mainly eating copepods and Cladocera; body length 5 cm to 8 cm individuals, mainly feeding on zooplankton and aquatic insects; more than 8 cm above Individuals, ingest mollusks and small fish. Artificial breeding can feed minced fish, shrimp and molluscs, that is to eat animal feed, but also eat artificial feed, but it is best to feed mainly, supplemented by animal fresh live bait.
(C) The slower growth rate of common weight 200 grams to 300 grams. In natural large waters, the 1st-instar fish can grow to 56 mm in length and weigh 5.7 g. The 2nd-instar fish can grow to 98.3 mm in length and weigh 20.6 grams. The 3rd instar fish can grow to 135.5 mm and weigh 36.1 g. The 4th-instar fish can grow to 160.1 mm and weigh 58.2 g. The 5th instar fish can grow to 177.7 mm and weigh 81.3 g. Yellowtail males are generally larger than females. The 1st to 2nd instar fishes grow faster and later grow slowly. The 5th instar fish is only 250mm.
Second, the breeding of yellow catfish 2 winter ~ 4 winter age of sexual maturity (about 3 years old or older), the smallest mature individual, the female is 11.7 cm, male fish is 14.8 cm. Mature males have a genital process behind the anus whereas females do not. It spawned from April to May in the south, and started spawning in the north in June. It is one of the later spawning fishes. The water temperature is required to be between 20°C and 30°C. Spawning activities take place at night. When the weather changes from sunny to cloudy, eggs can be laid. Stingray has the habit of nest-laying and spawning to protect offspring. At the time of spawning, the broodstock selects a sandy muddy shoal with aquatic plants. The water depth is 8 cm to 10 cm, and the pectoral fin is used to rock intermittently on the mud bottom. There are several fish nests built together, there are dozens of groups, not far apart forming clusters. Each hole is about 15 cm in depth and 10 cm in depth. Spawning is inseminated within the hole. The male fish protects the hatching of fish eggs at the hole. When other fish approached the hole, the male swooped on the intruder and expelled the invading fish. And often with a huge pectoral fins, so that the water in the hole, the use of water-assisted egg hatching. Guardian to larvae can swim by themselves (7 days to 8 days). During this period males hardly eat. The females left their nests to feed after they laid eggs. The spawning amount of the sturgeon was 1086 grains to 4469 grains, the mature egg diameter was 1.7 mm, and the fertilized eggs were yellow, sticky, sinking at the bottom of the nest, or aquatic fibrous roots adhering to the nest walls and other objects. Its output is about 2.5 mm in diameter and can be hatched within two days. Stingrays may be spawning fish in batches. (To be continued)
The biological characteristics and reproduction of yellow catfish (2)
(I) Feeding fresh fish and shrimp
1. The pond clearing pond is suitable for 2 mu to 5 mu. The average water depth is 1.8 meters. The pond is about 30 centimeters thick. The drainage and drainage conditions are good. The pond uses 150 kilograms of quicklime to carry out the strict clear pond, and the new pond is filled after 3 days. Water to 1.5 meters. Fertilizer pond water and then planted.
2, put the seeds and put the specifications of course, the bigger the better, the general acquisition of wild seedlings natural species, specifications for more than 15 grams of tail, if it is stocking artificial breeding of seed, specifications are generally 5 cm to 8 cm. According to the conventional method, some cockroaches, cockroaches, grasses, cockroaches, etc. will be used in order to facilitate the control of pond water quality and increase the productivity and economic efficiency of the pond. The number of species is not the same from north to south. Due to the short growing season in the north, the stocking density is preferably 1000 to 1200 tails per mu. In the south, the water temperature is high and the growth period is longer, so the stocking density should be 500 mu.
3, feeding and management According to the characteristics of the stingray swallow, according to water quality, weather, fish activities, feeding conditions, in the pond feeding fresh fish, shrimp prawns, so that free to feed, the best fresh fish It is better to use squid, rusta squid, meergara squid, squid, etc., followed by the sashimi of the four major fish. The transparency of pond water should be controlled at 20 cm to 30 cm. Every 20 days, 15kg to 20kg of quicklime per acre will be splashed in the whole pool to control the pH of the pool so as to create an environment conducive to the growth of yellow catfish. Place some water lotus around the pond to accommodate the life habits of the stingrays inhabiting the bottom of the pond during the day and swimming out of the water at night. Through one year's breeding, 50 kg to 250 kg of stingray can be collected per acre. Although this method is low in cost, it cannot achieve satisfactory output and economic benefits. (To Be Continued) (He Chuan) Biological Characteristics and Breeding of Yellow Catfish (3)
(2) Feeding mainly feedstuffs, supplemented with seawater chilled fish and freshwater fish and shrimps to feed feeds, supplemented by seawater chilled fish and freshwater fish and small shrimps to raise stingrays, and requirements for ponds and seeds Similar to the main feeding method of feeding fresh live fish and shrimp, the density can be increased (1500 to 2000 tails/mu), reaching the level of intensive culture and increasing unit yield. However, the requirements for feeding and management are stricter and management is more meticulous. Set a feeding point of about 5 square meters under the pond. The feeding site uses a mesh net around 20 mesh. The net height is 3 cm to 5 cm above the maximum water level of the pond, and the distance from the bottom of the pond is about 50 cm. After domestication, stingrays can come in from the bottom to concentrate on food intake and reach the level of catching food. According to water quality, weather, and fish feeding conditions, observe whether there is residual bait at the feeding site, adjust the feeding amount appropriately, and adjust the proportion of the fish to adjust the water quality according to the water quality. Feeding amount gradually increased from 2% to 3% of the fish seedlings to 8% to 9%. In the hot season, the amount of bait increases, the water quality changes quickly, new water is added in time, part of the pond water is drained, the pond water is kept fresh, and the transparency of the control pond water is in the range of 20 cm to 30 cm, which is opened according to the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool water. Aerators ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pool water is above 3 mg/l. During the breeding process, quicklime shall be applied every 10 days. Each acre shall be sprayed with 15kg-20kg of Quanchipia. The pH of the pool water shall be controlled to create an environment conducive to the growth of yellow catfish. 150 kg to 600 kg of stingray can be harvested per acre. Using this farming model, you can achieve maximum benefits in a shorter period of time. (To be continued) (He Chuan)
(3) Polyculture with pond culture fish polyculture stingray and pond culture fish. Put more than 10 centimeters of specifications, put 200 to 300 tails per acre. In this way, it will not increase the feeding amount of the pond, but also obtain a certain amount of stingray; it will not affect the fish breeding of the main body of the pond, but also feed small fish, shrimp, aquatic insects, etc. in the pond, and clear the wild fish in the pond. To a greater effect.
IV. Feeding and management (1) Disinfection of ponds After ponds have been stocked in ponds for 7 days to 10 days, 150kg to 200kg/667m2 of quicklime are used for dry pond disinfection to remove pathogenic organisms and predators.
(II) Feeding and fertilizing ponds Feeds and fertilizers are prepared according to the production plan at the beginning of the year, and the feeds are mainly composed of pelleted pelleted feeds or extruded feeds, and adhere to the four-step feeding method, specifically: daily feeding amount of concentrated feed, 5 months before Fish pond weights range from 2% to 3%, from May to June 4% to 5%, from mid-June to September end from 6% to 8%, daily from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., and from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. Once fed, the fertilized materials include organic manure such as manure and big grass, and ammonium, urea and phosphate fertilizers. They adhere to fertilization in three observations, apply organic manure mainly in the low temperature period, and rely mainly on chemical fertilizers in the high temperature stage. The amount of topdressing.
(C) water quality regulation ponds often add new water, hot water every 30 days in the high temperature season 1 ~ 2 times, keep the pool water transparency 30 cm ~ 35 cm. In addition, there are 1 aerators in the pools, which often turn on oxygen, increase dissolved oxygen in the water, avoid fish floating or flooding, and regularly apply quicklime to improve water quality and adjust pH.
(d) Fish disease prevention and prevention shall be based on the principle of prevention. Bags and hanging dishes shall be placed on food premises to disinfect feeds, bodies of water, foodstuffs, tools, etc., and combined with external medicines and internal medicines. , Found that fish disease early treatment.
Friendship Feed Co., Ltd. to meet the needs of the vast number of fishermen friends, to help everyone get rich as soon as possible, according to the market form, this year launched the sturgeon feed, and in Tianjin and other regions for breeding experiments, and achieved better results, the following A systematic description of fish life habits and culture methods:
First, biological characteristics
(A) living habits of stingrays mostly in quiet water or slow river flow activities, hi bentoe habitat, during the day inhabit the bottom of the lake, at night to swim to the water layer foraging. The ability to adapt to the environment is strong because it can live in adverse environmental conditions.
The fish is a temperature of 0°C to 38°C. The optimum growth temperature is 25°C to 28°C, the pH value ranges from 6.0 to 9.0, and the optimum pH value is from 7.0 to 8.4. Resistant to hypoxia. Dissolved oxygen in the water grows well above 3 mg/l, floats below 2 mg/l, and suffocates below 1 mg/l.
(b) The diet of yellow catfish is mainly omnivorous. Foraging activities are generally carried out at night. Food includes small fish, shrimp, various terrestrial and aquatic insects (especially chironomid larvae), small molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates, and sometimes small fish. Different specifications of the yellow snapper have different food habits, body length 2 cm to 4 cm, mainly eating copepods and Cladocera; body length 5 cm to 8 cm individuals, mainly feeding on zooplankton and aquatic insects; more than 8 cm above Individuals, ingest mollusks and small fish. Artificial breeding can feed minced fish, shrimp and molluscs, that is to eat animal feed, but also eat artificial feed, but it is best to feed mainly, supplemented by animal fresh live bait.
(C) The slower growth rate of common weight 200 grams to 300 grams. In natural large waters, the 1st-instar fish can grow to 56 mm in length and weigh 5.7 g. The 2nd-instar fish can grow to 98.3 mm in length and weigh 20.6 grams. The 3rd instar fish can grow to 135.5 mm and weigh 36.1 g. The 4th-instar fish can grow to 160.1 mm and weigh 58.2 g. The 5th instar fish can grow to 177.7 mm and weigh 81.3 g. Yellowtail males are generally larger than females. The 1st to 2nd instar fishes grow faster and later grow slowly. The 5th instar fish is only 250mm.
Second, the breeding of yellow catfish 2 winter ~ 4 winter age of sexual maturity (about 3 years old or older), the smallest mature individual, the female is 11.7 cm, male fish is 14.8 cm. Mature males have a genital process behind the anus whereas females do not. It spawned from April to May in the south, and started spawning in the north in June. It is one of the later spawning fishes. The water temperature is required to be between 20°C and 30°C. Spawning activities take place at night. When the weather changes from sunny to cloudy, eggs can be laid. Stingray has the habit of nest-laying and spawning to protect offspring. At the time of spawning, the broodstock selects a sandy muddy shoal with aquatic plants. The water depth is 8 cm to 10 cm, and the pectoral fin is used to rock intermittently on the mud bottom. There are several fish nests built together, there are dozens of groups, not far apart forming clusters. Each hole is about 15 cm in depth and 10 cm in depth. Spawning is inseminated within the hole. The male fish protects the hatching of fish eggs at the hole. When other fish approached the hole, the male swooped on the intruder and expelled the invading fish. And often with a huge pectoral fins, so that the water in the hole, the use of water-assisted egg hatching. Guardian to larvae can swim by themselves (7 days to 8 days). During this period males hardly eat. The females left their nests to feed after they laid eggs. The spawning amount of the sturgeon was 1086 grains to 4469 grains, the mature egg diameter was 1.7 mm, and the fertilized eggs were yellow, sticky, sinking at the bottom of the nest, or aquatic fibrous roots adhering to the nest walls and other objects. Its output is about 2.5 mm in diameter and can be hatched within two days. Stingrays may be spawning fish in batches. (To be continued)
The biological characteristics and reproduction of yellow catfish (2)
(I) Feeding fresh fish and shrimp
1. The pond clearing pond is suitable for 2 mu to 5 mu. The average water depth is 1.8 meters. The pond is about 30 centimeters thick. The drainage and drainage conditions are good. The pond uses 150 kilograms of quicklime to carry out the strict clear pond, and the new pond is filled after 3 days. Water to 1.5 meters. Fertilizer pond water and then planted.
2, put the seeds and put the specifications of course, the bigger the better, the general acquisition of wild seedlings natural species, specifications for more than 15 grams of tail, if it is stocking artificial breeding of seed, specifications are generally 5 cm to 8 cm. According to the conventional method, some cockroaches, cockroaches, grasses, cockroaches, etc. will be used in order to facilitate the control of pond water quality and increase the productivity and economic efficiency of the pond. The number of species is not the same from north to south. Due to the short growing season in the north, the stocking density is preferably 1000 to 1200 tails per mu. In the south, the water temperature is high and the growth period is longer, so the stocking density should be 500 mu.
3, feeding and management According to the characteristics of the stingray swallow, according to water quality, weather, fish activities, feeding conditions, in the pond feeding fresh fish, shrimp prawns, so that free to feed, the best fresh fish It is better to use squid, rusta squid, meergara squid, squid, etc., followed by the sashimi of the four major fish. The transparency of pond water should be controlled at 20 cm to 30 cm. Every 20 days, 15kg to 20kg of quicklime per acre will be splashed in the whole pool to control the pH of the pool so as to create an environment conducive to the growth of yellow catfish. Place some water lotus around the pond to accommodate the life habits of the stingrays inhabiting the bottom of the pond during the day and swimming out of the water at night. Through one year's breeding, 50 kg to 250 kg of stingray can be collected per acre. Although this method is low in cost, it cannot achieve satisfactory output and economic benefits. (To Be Continued) (He Chuan) Biological Characteristics and Breeding of Yellow Catfish (3)
(2) Feeding mainly feedstuffs, supplemented with seawater chilled fish and freshwater fish and shrimps to feed feeds, supplemented by seawater chilled fish and freshwater fish and small shrimps to raise stingrays, and requirements for ponds and seeds Similar to the main feeding method of feeding fresh live fish and shrimp, the density can be increased (1500 to 2000 tails/mu), reaching the level of intensive culture and increasing unit yield. However, the requirements for feeding and management are stricter and management is more meticulous. Set a feeding point of about 5 square meters under the pond. The feeding site uses a mesh net around 20 mesh. The net height is 3 cm to 5 cm above the maximum water level of the pond, and the distance from the bottom of the pond is about 50 cm. After domestication, stingrays can come in from the bottom to concentrate on food intake and reach the level of catching food. According to water quality, weather, and fish feeding conditions, observe whether there is residual bait at the feeding site, adjust the feeding amount appropriately, and adjust the proportion of the fish to adjust the water quality according to the water quality. Feeding amount gradually increased from 2% to 3% of the fish seedlings to 8% to 9%. In the hot season, the amount of bait increases, the water quality changes quickly, new water is added in time, part of the pond water is drained, the pond water is kept fresh, and the transparency of the control pond water is in the range of 20 cm to 30 cm, which is opened according to the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool water. Aerators ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pool water is above 3 mg/l. During the breeding process, quicklime shall be applied every 10 days. Each acre shall be sprayed with 15kg-20kg of Quanchipia. The pH of the pool water shall be controlled to create an environment conducive to the growth of yellow catfish. 150 kg to 600 kg of stingray can be harvested per acre. Using this farming model, you can achieve maximum benefits in a shorter period of time. (To be continued) (He Chuan)
(3) Polyculture with pond culture fish polyculture stingray and pond culture fish. Put more than 10 centimeters of specifications, put 200 to 300 tails per acre. In this way, it will not increase the feeding amount of the pond, but also obtain a certain amount of stingray; it will not affect the fish breeding of the main body of the pond, but also feed small fish, shrimp, aquatic insects, etc. in the pond, and clear the wild fish in the pond. To a greater effect.
IV. Feeding and management (1) Disinfection of ponds After ponds have been stocked in ponds for 7 days to 10 days, 150kg to 200kg/667m2 of quicklime are used for dry pond disinfection to remove pathogenic organisms and predators.
(II) Feeding and fertilizing ponds Feeds and fertilizers are prepared according to the production plan at the beginning of the year, and the feeds are mainly composed of pelleted pelleted feeds or extruded feeds, and adhere to the four-step feeding method, specifically: daily feeding amount of concentrated feed, 5 months before Fish pond weights range from 2% to 3%, from May to June 4% to 5%, from mid-June to September end from 6% to 8%, daily from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., and from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. Once fed, the fertilized materials include organic manure such as manure and big grass, and ammonium, urea and phosphate fertilizers. They adhere to fertilization in three observations, apply organic manure mainly in the low temperature period, and rely mainly on chemical fertilizers in the high temperature stage. The amount of topdressing.
(C) water quality regulation ponds often add new water, hot water every 30 days in the high temperature season 1 ~ 2 times, keep the pool water transparency 30 cm ~ 35 cm. In addition, there are 1 aerators in the pools, which often turn on oxygen, increase dissolved oxygen in the water, avoid fish floating or flooding, and regularly apply quicklime to improve water quality and adjust pH.
(d) Fish disease prevention and prevention shall be based on the principle of prevention. Bags and hanging dishes shall be placed on food premises to disinfect feeds, bodies of water, foodstuffs, tools, etc., and combined with external medicines and internal medicines. , Found that fish disease early treatment.
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