Prevention and treatment of garlic leaf spot
(1) Symptoms only harm the leaves. At the beginning of the diseased leaves, the needle-like yellow-white dots gradually develop into water-stained chlorotic spots, and then expand into oval-shaped or spindle-shaped depressions that are parallel to the veins. The center is yellow, reddish-brown and yellow outside. In a pandemic, lesions quickly spread to the ends of the leaves or several lesions healed contiguously, causing the leaves to wilted and yellow, and the garlic plant to die. When a single lesion expands to the leaf margin, the leaf breaks from the diseased part. When the humidity is high, the diseased part produces dark green moldy matter, and the severe disease field presents a scene of dark green and dead.
(2) Incidence of the disease The disease is caused by Cladosporium fulvum, a fungus belonging to the genus Clostridium. Plants that mainly grow in high-altitude areas and grow in the fields over the summer, spread with the wind, you can also conidium disease (except garlic) within the summer and winter, and become the primary source of infection. Spore germination invades from parasitic pores or epidermal cells and colonizes and expands around vascular bundles. The incubation period is 6d (15-17°C). Fields can develop from the seedling stage to the bulbous stage of garlic. In the garlic area of ​​western Sichuan, there have been two epidemic peaks. The secondary peak was in mid-January, and the main peak was in mid-February. The condition of garlic sprouts declined after harvest.
The fungus is cold and humid, and it is still infested by the winter germs in the southwest garlic area. Once the humidity conditions are met in spring, it will become popular. Continuous cropping, too dense planting, and partial application of nitrogenous fertilizers are serious in garlic fields.
(3) Control methods 1 Agricultural control. (a) Selection of disease-resistant seed varieties, appropriate sowing, and reasonable close planting; (b) Scientific fertilizer and water management, application of base fertilizers, timely topdressing, mainly organic fertilizers, application of phosphorus, potash and trace fertilizers, and promotion of special garlic fertilizers; Drainage system is suitable for drainage and drainage; (c) Debris is destroyed before sowing, and no cover or basal fertilizer is used; (d) Reasonable crop rotation, in addition to onion, can be replaced with other crop rotations.
2 Pesticide control. In the early stage of disease, spray 70% mancozeb WP 500 times per 667 square meters, or 40% SPF 500-1000 times, every 7-10 days, depending on the condition and weather trend. 2-3 times. However, carbendazim, triadimefon, and thiophanate have no effect on the disease.
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