High-yield and high-efficiency aquaculture experience of carp in Chengdu
2019-12-11 04:04:04
Squid is a popular freshwater fish all over the country, and the market in South Korea and Japan is very good. Therefore, the market size of squid is large and the price has been relatively stable. Feeding squid is the correct choice for farmers in the new year. At present, it is time for stocking of fish species. In order to help everyone raise good carp, the new experience of carp farming in Chengdu area is presented below. I hope there will be reference or reference value for carp farmers in other regions.
First, choose a good breeding species Currently in the Chengdu area of ​​pond cultivation of carp species is mainly heterotrophic silver carp, followed by Peng Zexiong, and Xiangyun pupae and other pupae of the breeding number is small. According to our experience, although the growth rate of the Xiangyun 鲫 is the fastest, most farmers are far away because of the “selling bad†response at the time of sales. Although the growth of the Ziyu Silver Stork is not as good as the Xiangyun 鲫, it is better than Peng Ze is very fast, so it is the dominant species of carp culture on the plains of Chengdu. About 90% of the households reared the species. Although the growth of Peng Zexi is not as good as the former two, its appearance is most favored by foreign investors and it is a foreign exchange earner. The flagship variety.
What I need to remind my friends is: Due to the serious miscellaneous salmon varieties, some seed production units lack responsibility and make many of the production performance of the fine varieties degenerate significantly. Therefore, when farmers purchase seed, please look for good-quality seeds. Suppliers sign contracts to protect their legitimate interests and prevent them from being caught by seed traffickers.
Second, the design of a good stocking mode The cultivation of carp has evolved from the past pond breeding to today's pond main support, and the mu yield has also increased from the original 100-200 kg to the current 500-1000 kg, there are some per mu over 2 tons The high yield pond is not surprising.
In order to reduce the cost of purchasing fish species, most of the Chengdu regions have adopted their own cultivation of large-sized species of squid, that is, the first year to use a specific area of ​​the pool to raise fish species weighing 50 grams or more. This saves the need for purchased species. Domestication and switching to this production link has enabled early stocking and early eating, and has achieved a longer growing period. Individuals of commercial fish can grow bigger and win high yields and high profits.
Special ponds are used to cultivate quail species. Each mu of ponds can be stocked with 5-10 cm of squid summer flowers of 10,000 cm in length. By the end of the year, they can achieve the requirements of 400-700 kg of squid species of 50-60 gram per mu.
When adult carp species are stocked in adult fish ponds, 2000-4000 fish species with tail weights of 50 grams or more can be reared per acre pond, and at the end of the year they can reach the production target of 500-1500 kilograms of commercial fish per mu with a tail weight of 200-400 grams.
Third, determine the breeding species of carp species in the fish pond can not be equipped with grass carp, carp and other species that have strong ability to catch food, otherwise the species of carp is certainly not good, but can be equipped with a certain amount of plutonium and plutonium, its quantity is only It can account for about 20% of the carp (including 10% of the carp) and can also be used for a small amount of Wuchang fish. It is not advisable to put the feeding time of the rearing species early, otherwise it will have a greater impact on the patrolling of the carp species, especially the carp.
By the same token, adult fish ponds should not be reared with grass carp and carp. They can be fed with appropriate amount of carp, pupa, and wuchang fish. In addition, they can be fed with extremely small amounts of carnivorous fish such as California catfish, earth carp, or black quail. Fish species to eliminate the small wild trash and sick squid in the pond.
Fourth, patience and domestication of fish on the surface of the water to catch food
1, it is best to complete the tame work during the cultivation of the species, because the eel is timid, the larger the individual is, the harder it is to acclimate, and it is relatively easy at the fingerling stage. Domesticated fish species are not only well-managed during adult rearing, but also can significantly increase feed utilization and reduce feed use.
2. During domestication, appropriate amount of attractant can be added to the feed, which greatly helps to shorten the time of domestication.
3, pond fish density, fish population is easy to acclimate. In the case where the stocking density has been set, the pond water level (ie, a relatively increased density) can be appropriately reduced, and an immediate effect can also be obtained.
4, the pool water during the tame food should be "thin" should not be "fat."
5, the provisions of the species should be in the squid on the surface of the replenishment of replenishment to form a relatively stable after the release.
Five, intensive fine tuber feeding efficiency
1. The carp is resistant to fertilizer and the dissolved oxygen in water can normally grow above 3mg/l, but if the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/l, not only the fish grows well, but also the feed coefficient can be reduced by about 0.2, so the production should be Try to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool. The best way is to constantly add new water and start the aerator.
2. The squid can make use of organic matter as a nutrient source. Therefore, suitable organic fertilizers such as pigs, cows and chicken manure can be applied according to the amount of water in the pool. This will not only save the amount of formulated feed, but also make the color appearance of adult fish more similar to that of wild squid. . Of course, high-yield ponds generally do not use organic fertilizer.
3, promote the installation of feeding machine. Compared with Sven, eating squid and eating 1 and 2 grains of feed, they swam away. After a while, they swam to eat 1, 2 grains. If using artificial sprinkling, it takes more time for the fish to eat 80% full. With a feeder there is no such problem, and the spread of the spread of the material is even and spreads openly. It can take care of the individual and the fish with a weaker body can eat the feed. Thus, the specifications of the fish out of the market are more uniform. .
4, feed particle size and feeding amount. The caliber of squid is relatively small and there is no retractable kiss like squid. Therefore, the principle of selecting the grain size of feed is “it is not smallâ€. For the common carp whose average tail weight is less than 5g, feedstuffs with a size of 0.5mm are used. For squid with a tail weight of 5-12g, feedstuffs with a size of 1.5mm are used. Carp weights with a tail weight of 30-50g are used. - 2.5 mm feed, squid weighing 100-200 g, use feed with a particle size of 3-3.5 mm.
The size of daily food intake of carp is closely related to fish size, water temperature and dissolved oxygen status. Normally, when the water temperature is 25°C, the daily feed rate of juveniles should be 5%-8%, and the adult fish stage should be 2%-3%. The daily feed rate should be equal to approximately 0.13 degree of water temperature; when the dissolved oxygen in the water is 3-4 mg/L, the feeding amount should be reduced by 15% when compared with 5 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen should be reduced by 40% and below 2 mg when it is 2-3 mg/L. When / l should stop feeding. Ultimately, regardless of the method used to calculate the amount of feed, only 70%-80% of them can be used as the actual amount of fish to feed, which is what people often say, feeding fish can only feed 70% full, 80% full .
6. Disease Prevention and Control, Minimizing Disease Losses Compared to other fish, the disease resistance of carp is relatively strong. However, due to the deterioration of the pond's ecological environment, the degradation of varieties and blind pursuit of high-density and high-yield fish ponds. The diseases are gradually getting more and more, and the prevention and control methods for several common diseases are now described as follows:
1. Saprophyte This is a common and frequently-occurring disease in winter and spring. To deal with the disease, it is very difficult to prevent large areas. The measures are: during the low temperature period, the fish or broodstock should be carefully handled to reduce the mechanical damage in the process of transferring, moving and transporting the fish. When restocking, they should be washed with 2%-4% saline or 10,000 The salt of four plus four-tenths of baking soda solution is soaked for 5-15 minutes.
2, vertical scale disease often occurs in the spring and summer. Control methods: Use 3% saline or 3% baking soda mixture to dip, while using veterinary use chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline added by 5% of the amount of feed, use baits to feed fish.
3, rotten mite disease from April to October is the popular season. Control methods: bleaching powder (1 g per cubic meter of water body) or strong chlorine (0.5 g per cubic meter of water body) Quanchiposa, and every 7.5 kg of fish weight plus 7.5-15 grams of strong chlorine concentrate bait feeding, The combination of internal and external effects is good.
4. Trichinosis is prevalent in May-August. Control methods: 0.5 g of copper sulfate and 0.2 g of ferrous sulfate mixture per cubic meter of water are splashed in the whole pool. Or the drug can be sprayed in two days, half a day, so it is safer.
5, anchor head disease is popular in April-October. Control methods: Use 0.5 grams of crystal trichlorfon into water per cubic meter of water and then spill it in Quanchip or soak for 20-30 minutes with 0.025 mg/L potassium permanganate solution.
First, choose a good breeding species Currently in the Chengdu area of ​​pond cultivation of carp species is mainly heterotrophic silver carp, followed by Peng Zexiong, and Xiangyun pupae and other pupae of the breeding number is small. According to our experience, although the growth rate of the Xiangyun 鲫 is the fastest, most farmers are far away because of the “selling bad†response at the time of sales. Although the growth of the Ziyu Silver Stork is not as good as the Xiangyun 鲫, it is better than Peng Ze is very fast, so it is the dominant species of carp culture on the plains of Chengdu. About 90% of the households reared the species. Although the growth of Peng Zexi is not as good as the former two, its appearance is most favored by foreign investors and it is a foreign exchange earner. The flagship variety.
What I need to remind my friends is: Due to the serious miscellaneous salmon varieties, some seed production units lack responsibility and make many of the production performance of the fine varieties degenerate significantly. Therefore, when farmers purchase seed, please look for good-quality seeds. Suppliers sign contracts to protect their legitimate interests and prevent them from being caught by seed traffickers.
Second, the design of a good stocking mode The cultivation of carp has evolved from the past pond breeding to today's pond main support, and the mu yield has also increased from the original 100-200 kg to the current 500-1000 kg, there are some per mu over 2 tons The high yield pond is not surprising.
In order to reduce the cost of purchasing fish species, most of the Chengdu regions have adopted their own cultivation of large-sized species of squid, that is, the first year to use a specific area of ​​the pool to raise fish species weighing 50 grams or more. This saves the need for purchased species. Domestication and switching to this production link has enabled early stocking and early eating, and has achieved a longer growing period. Individuals of commercial fish can grow bigger and win high yields and high profits.
Special ponds are used to cultivate quail species. Each mu of ponds can be stocked with 5-10 cm of squid summer flowers of 10,000 cm in length. By the end of the year, they can achieve the requirements of 400-700 kg of squid species of 50-60 gram per mu.
When adult carp species are stocked in adult fish ponds, 2000-4000 fish species with tail weights of 50 grams or more can be reared per acre pond, and at the end of the year they can reach the production target of 500-1500 kilograms of commercial fish per mu with a tail weight of 200-400 grams.
Third, determine the breeding species of carp species in the fish pond can not be equipped with grass carp, carp and other species that have strong ability to catch food, otherwise the species of carp is certainly not good, but can be equipped with a certain amount of plutonium and plutonium, its quantity is only It can account for about 20% of the carp (including 10% of the carp) and can also be used for a small amount of Wuchang fish. It is not advisable to put the feeding time of the rearing species early, otherwise it will have a greater impact on the patrolling of the carp species, especially the carp.
By the same token, adult fish ponds should not be reared with grass carp and carp. They can be fed with appropriate amount of carp, pupa, and wuchang fish. In addition, they can be fed with extremely small amounts of carnivorous fish such as California catfish, earth carp, or black quail. Fish species to eliminate the small wild trash and sick squid in the pond.
Fourth, patience and domestication of fish on the surface of the water to catch food
1, it is best to complete the tame work during the cultivation of the species, because the eel is timid, the larger the individual is, the harder it is to acclimate, and it is relatively easy at the fingerling stage. Domesticated fish species are not only well-managed during adult rearing, but also can significantly increase feed utilization and reduce feed use.
2. During domestication, appropriate amount of attractant can be added to the feed, which greatly helps to shorten the time of domestication.
3, pond fish density, fish population is easy to acclimate. In the case where the stocking density has been set, the pond water level (ie, a relatively increased density) can be appropriately reduced, and an immediate effect can also be obtained.
4, the pool water during the tame food should be "thin" should not be "fat."
5, the provisions of the species should be in the squid on the surface of the replenishment of replenishment to form a relatively stable after the release.
Five, intensive fine tuber feeding efficiency
1. The carp is resistant to fertilizer and the dissolved oxygen in water can normally grow above 3mg/l, but if the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/l, not only the fish grows well, but also the feed coefficient can be reduced by about 0.2, so the production should be Try to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool. The best way is to constantly add new water and start the aerator.
2. The squid can make use of organic matter as a nutrient source. Therefore, suitable organic fertilizers such as pigs, cows and chicken manure can be applied according to the amount of water in the pool. This will not only save the amount of formulated feed, but also make the color appearance of adult fish more similar to that of wild squid. . Of course, high-yield ponds generally do not use organic fertilizer.
3, promote the installation of feeding machine. Compared with Sven, eating squid and eating 1 and 2 grains of feed, they swam away. After a while, they swam to eat 1, 2 grains. If using artificial sprinkling, it takes more time for the fish to eat 80% full. With a feeder there is no such problem, and the spread of the spread of the material is even and spreads openly. It can take care of the individual and the fish with a weaker body can eat the feed. Thus, the specifications of the fish out of the market are more uniform. .
4, feed particle size and feeding amount. The caliber of squid is relatively small and there is no retractable kiss like squid. Therefore, the principle of selecting the grain size of feed is “it is not smallâ€. For the common carp whose average tail weight is less than 5g, feedstuffs with a size of 0.5mm are used. For squid with a tail weight of 5-12g, feedstuffs with a size of 1.5mm are used. Carp weights with a tail weight of 30-50g are used. - 2.5 mm feed, squid weighing 100-200 g, use feed with a particle size of 3-3.5 mm.
The size of daily food intake of carp is closely related to fish size, water temperature and dissolved oxygen status. Normally, when the water temperature is 25°C, the daily feed rate of juveniles should be 5%-8%, and the adult fish stage should be 2%-3%. The daily feed rate should be equal to approximately 0.13 degree of water temperature; when the dissolved oxygen in the water is 3-4 mg/L, the feeding amount should be reduced by 15% when compared with 5 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen should be reduced by 40% and below 2 mg when it is 2-3 mg/L. When / l should stop feeding. Ultimately, regardless of the method used to calculate the amount of feed, only 70%-80% of them can be used as the actual amount of fish to feed, which is what people often say, feeding fish can only feed 70% full, 80% full .
6. Disease Prevention and Control, Minimizing Disease Losses Compared to other fish, the disease resistance of carp is relatively strong. However, due to the deterioration of the pond's ecological environment, the degradation of varieties and blind pursuit of high-density and high-yield fish ponds. The diseases are gradually getting more and more, and the prevention and control methods for several common diseases are now described as follows:
1. Saprophyte This is a common and frequently-occurring disease in winter and spring. To deal with the disease, it is very difficult to prevent large areas. The measures are: during the low temperature period, the fish or broodstock should be carefully handled to reduce the mechanical damage in the process of transferring, moving and transporting the fish. When restocking, they should be washed with 2%-4% saline or 10,000 The salt of four plus four-tenths of baking soda solution is soaked for 5-15 minutes.
2, vertical scale disease often occurs in the spring and summer. Control methods: Use 3% saline or 3% baking soda mixture to dip, while using veterinary use chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline added by 5% of the amount of feed, use baits to feed fish.
3, rotten mite disease from April to October is the popular season. Control methods: bleaching powder (1 g per cubic meter of water body) or strong chlorine (0.5 g per cubic meter of water body) Quanchiposa, and every 7.5 kg of fish weight plus 7.5-15 grams of strong chlorine concentrate bait feeding, The combination of internal and external effects is good.
4. Trichinosis is prevalent in May-August. Control methods: 0.5 g of copper sulfate and 0.2 g of ferrous sulfate mixture per cubic meter of water are splashed in the whole pool. Or the drug can be sprayed in two days, half a day, so it is safer.
5, anchor head disease is popular in April-October. Control methods: Use 0.5 grams of crystal trichlorfon into water per cubic meter of water and then spill it in Quanchip or soak for 20-30 minutes with 0.025 mg/L potassium permanganate solution.
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