Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Pears
2020-10-06 11:15:10
First, the harm situation The pear wood lice mainly damage the pear tree, pear hibiscus mainly to nymphs, adult sucking buds, leaves and young shoots of the damage, so that the leaves brown spots, in severe cases, the whole leaf brown, causing early defoliation. Nymphs secrete a large amount of mucus, causing coal contamination. The new shoot is stunted after being damaged. The consequences of fruit damage are fume-like, affecting the appearance quality. The damage of pear hibiscus weakens the tree vigor. When the yield is damaged, the flower bud differentiation is blocked, causing great losses in the coming year.
The occurrence of pear hibiscus is closely related to temperature and rainfall, and occurs in the season or year of high temperature and drought. On the contrary, if there is much rain and the temperature is low, lightness occurs.
Second, comprehensive prevention and control technical measures Prevention and treatment of pear hibiscus should focus on the early stage, grasp the key period, and establish a comprehensive concept of comprehensive prevention. Use agricultural, physical, biological and chemical measures to effectively control and minimize the damage.
(A) Agricultural control Early spring and late autumn, clean orchards, scrape bark combined with base fertilizers, concentrate defoliation and weeds, and bury them with fertilizers; immerse frozen water in late autumn and other measures, can effectively eliminate overwintering adults and at the same time overwintering pears. Insect pests like yellow-lipped moths also play a role in killing.
(II) Artificial physical control During the second generation of nymph of P. edulis, about the end of May and beginning of June, concentrate for 3-4 days, and remove the tops of the heads, backs, and periphery without stopping growth. 6 unexpanded sections above the leaves and buried immediately. At this time, the pear hibiscus was not only neat and tidy, but the shoots of the pear fruit trees basically stopped growing. It was the best period for picking the hearts. According to statistics, 35.2% to 98.7% of the shoots that had not stopped growing during this period had pear hibiscus, and more than 95% of pear hibiscus were concentrated in this area. At this point, the picking tip is equivalent to the conventional pharmaceutical control effect, equivalent to 2-3 times of medication.
(III) Biological control From June to July, under normal circumstances, pesticides may not be applied, and natural enemies such as horned ladybugs and calyx, which retreat from the wheat fields, may control the population of P. crassifolia. For the damage of the third-generation pear wood lice, even if they are applied, they must choose drugs that are innocuous to the natural enemy's beneficial insects in order to fully play their role in destroying the enemy.
(D) Chemical control should be controlled in the timely use of drugs before the generation of nymphs in the early hatching has not yet produced a lot of mucus.
1. Overwintering adults emerged during the flood season. Usually in the white period of Avocado flower (locally in about mid-March), the overwintering adult is the most productive period for the emergence of the first generation eggs, which is the most favorable time for chemical control. At this time, the leaves have not yet formed and the adults are exposed on the shoots. The timely and accurate use of drugs can achieve the purpose of complete prevention and control. During the morning of sunny weather, the stems, stems, branches and buds of the aerial part of the tree should be re-sprayed with agents that do not affect the killing of adults, such as 5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin. 2500 times the liquid, the effect is significant. For the pears that suffered severe damage to the pear tree last year, the large number of bases may be sprayed once a week to select agents that kill both adult and oviparous eggs, such as 300 times the amount obtained, or 5% rifazone 3500 times, or 50% parathion 1500 times.
2. The first generation of nymphs during the occurrence of medication. The emergence of the first generation nymphs is relatively uniform and consistent, which is conducive to the central elimination. It is another critical period for the prevention and control of pharmaceuticals in a year. About the end of April and early May, about 90% of pears fall, spraying pesticides. The selected agents are: 1.0% chitosan 6000 times, 28% pear star 1000 times, 20% leucine 1000 times, and 10% imidacloprid 6000 times. The prevention rate of the above four pesticides can reach 90%. the above.
3. Pick up tips and make up drugs. In the end of May and early June, after hand-pickup, immediately use 50 times quick lime mixed with 20% amitraz EC 1000 times, with excellent results. In order to combine the prevention and treatment of pear scab, it is also possible to use a 1:2.5:240 Bordeaux mixture plus 20% amitraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, but it should be used with it.
4. After the formation of mucus medication. In July, if the previous control of pear hibiscus is good, this year's pear cricket infestation is basically controlled, and later can not be the focus of prevention and control in the prevention and treatment of pear pests, red spider mites and other pests can be simultaneously. If the control is not good, there are all kinds of parasites, and the generations overlap, and the mucus of the leaves is too much, which causes difficulties in prevention and control. At this time, the following methods can be used for prevention and control.
(1) Tobacco lime water method. Its dosage formula is: 3 parts of tobacco, 1 part of quick lime and 60 parts of water. First use 10 parts of boiling water to soak 1 leaf of tobacco in the pot and cover it. When the water temperature is not hot, rub the leaf by hand. Then remove the tobacco leaf and continue to rub the leaf in another 10 parts of water. Repeat the above operation 23 times. Without thicker leaf juice. In addition, 10 parts of water is used to mix 1 part lime with lime milk, filter the residue with a coarse cloth, pour the leaf water into the lime milk before spraying, add enough water and stir well, and turn it into tobacco lime water. The pesticidal rate of lime water is over 95%.
(2) Adding spray insecticide to the ash extraction solution. The method for preparing the ash extract of plants is to first place 1 part of ash in 15 parts of water and stir it to fully dissolve the ash (generally about 15 minutes). Then filter off the ash, dubbed 3% charcoal carbon extract. The solution is alkaline, and the mucilage of musk pupa is acidic. The reaction between the two is neutral. After 3-4 hours, the mucilage is completely dissolved and the pear wood worm body is exposed, followed by spraying and killing adults, nymphs and eggs of pear wood lice. The compounding agent can increase the effect by 37.5% compared with the non-sprayed wood ash single spray agent. In addition, the plant ash contains various mineral nutrition based on potassium, which can make the pear fruit surface clean, bright, small, and soluble solids increase by 0.5, which can be described as double benefit.
(3) detergent plus insecticide. In the absence of grass and wood ash, can be sprayed before the medication 5000 times of alkaline detergent to wash and dissolve the mucus in the leaves, after 3-4 hours after the spray, but also the neutral detergent or Harbin Lipstick synergies The agent is sprayed directly into the agent and the effect is also significant.
The occurrence of pear hibiscus is closely related to temperature and rainfall, and occurs in the season or year of high temperature and drought. On the contrary, if there is much rain and the temperature is low, lightness occurs.
Second, comprehensive prevention and control technical measures Prevention and treatment of pear hibiscus should focus on the early stage, grasp the key period, and establish a comprehensive concept of comprehensive prevention. Use agricultural, physical, biological and chemical measures to effectively control and minimize the damage.
(A) Agricultural control Early spring and late autumn, clean orchards, scrape bark combined with base fertilizers, concentrate defoliation and weeds, and bury them with fertilizers; immerse frozen water in late autumn and other measures, can effectively eliminate overwintering adults and at the same time overwintering pears. Insect pests like yellow-lipped moths also play a role in killing.
(II) Artificial physical control During the second generation of nymph of P. edulis, about the end of May and beginning of June, concentrate for 3-4 days, and remove the tops of the heads, backs, and periphery without stopping growth. 6 unexpanded sections above the leaves and buried immediately. At this time, the pear hibiscus was not only neat and tidy, but the shoots of the pear fruit trees basically stopped growing. It was the best period for picking the hearts. According to statistics, 35.2% to 98.7% of the shoots that had not stopped growing during this period had pear hibiscus, and more than 95% of pear hibiscus were concentrated in this area. At this point, the picking tip is equivalent to the conventional pharmaceutical control effect, equivalent to 2-3 times of medication.
(III) Biological control From June to July, under normal circumstances, pesticides may not be applied, and natural enemies such as horned ladybugs and calyx, which retreat from the wheat fields, may control the population of P. crassifolia. For the damage of the third-generation pear wood lice, even if they are applied, they must choose drugs that are innocuous to the natural enemy's beneficial insects in order to fully play their role in destroying the enemy.
(D) Chemical control should be controlled in the timely use of drugs before the generation of nymphs in the early hatching has not yet produced a lot of mucus.
1. Overwintering adults emerged during the flood season. Usually in the white period of Avocado flower (locally in about mid-March), the overwintering adult is the most productive period for the emergence of the first generation eggs, which is the most favorable time for chemical control. At this time, the leaves have not yet formed and the adults are exposed on the shoots. The timely and accurate use of drugs can achieve the purpose of complete prevention and control. During the morning of sunny weather, the stems, stems, branches and buds of the aerial part of the tree should be re-sprayed with agents that do not affect the killing of adults, such as 5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin. 2500 times the liquid, the effect is significant. For the pears that suffered severe damage to the pear tree last year, the large number of bases may be sprayed once a week to select agents that kill both adult and oviparous eggs, such as 300 times the amount obtained, or 5% rifazone 3500 times, or 50% parathion 1500 times.
2. The first generation of nymphs during the occurrence of medication. The emergence of the first generation nymphs is relatively uniform and consistent, which is conducive to the central elimination. It is another critical period for the prevention and control of pharmaceuticals in a year. About the end of April and early May, about 90% of pears fall, spraying pesticides. The selected agents are: 1.0% chitosan 6000 times, 28% pear star 1000 times, 20% leucine 1000 times, and 10% imidacloprid 6000 times. The prevention rate of the above four pesticides can reach 90%. the above.
3. Pick up tips and make up drugs. In the end of May and early June, after hand-pickup, immediately use 50 times quick lime mixed with 20% amitraz EC 1000 times, with excellent results. In order to combine the prevention and treatment of pear scab, it is also possible to use a 1:2.5:240 Bordeaux mixture plus 20% amitraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, but it should be used with it.
4. After the formation of mucus medication. In July, if the previous control of pear hibiscus is good, this year's pear cricket infestation is basically controlled, and later can not be the focus of prevention and control in the prevention and treatment of pear pests, red spider mites and other pests can be simultaneously. If the control is not good, there are all kinds of parasites, and the generations overlap, and the mucus of the leaves is too much, which causes difficulties in prevention and control. At this time, the following methods can be used for prevention and control.
(1) Tobacco lime water method. Its dosage formula is: 3 parts of tobacco, 1 part of quick lime and 60 parts of water. First use 10 parts of boiling water to soak 1 leaf of tobacco in the pot and cover it. When the water temperature is not hot, rub the leaf by hand. Then remove the tobacco leaf and continue to rub the leaf in another 10 parts of water. Repeat the above operation 23 times. Without thicker leaf juice. In addition, 10 parts of water is used to mix 1 part lime with lime milk, filter the residue with a coarse cloth, pour the leaf water into the lime milk before spraying, add enough water and stir well, and turn it into tobacco lime water. The pesticidal rate of lime water is over 95%.
(2) Adding spray insecticide to the ash extraction solution. The method for preparing the ash extract of plants is to first place 1 part of ash in 15 parts of water and stir it to fully dissolve the ash (generally about 15 minutes). Then filter off the ash, dubbed 3% charcoal carbon extract. The solution is alkaline, and the mucilage of musk pupa is acidic. The reaction between the two is neutral. After 3-4 hours, the mucilage is completely dissolved and the pear wood worm body is exposed, followed by spraying and killing adults, nymphs and eggs of pear wood lice. The compounding agent can increase the effect by 37.5% compared with the non-sprayed wood ash single spray agent. In addition, the plant ash contains various mineral nutrition based on potassium, which can make the pear fruit surface clean, bright, small, and soluble solids increase by 0.5, which can be described as double benefit.
(3) detergent plus insecticide. In the absence of grass and wood ash, can be sprayed before the medication 5000 times of alkaline detergent to wash and dissolve the mucus in the leaves, after 3-4 hours after the spray, but also the neutral detergent or Harbin Lipstick synergies The agent is sprayed directly into the agent and the effect is also significant.
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