How greenhouses reduce air humidity

If the humidity inside the greenhouse is too high, it creates an ideal environment for the rapid spread of pathogens, leading to severe crop diseases that can significantly hinder plant growth. Controlling humidity effectively is therefore crucial for maintaining a healthy growing environment. The basic principle of humidity control in greenhouses is "head wet and dry," meaning that the top area should be moist while the lower parts remain dry. To achieve this, several practical methods can be applied: 1. **Ventilation** Proper ventilation helps remove excess moisture by exchanging humid air with drier outside air. While this is one of the simplest methods, it often conflicts with the need for insulation, especially during colder periods. Balancing these two factors is essential for optimal results. 2. **Drip-Free Film Covering** Using a drip-free film can prevent water droplets from forming on the inner surface, which reduces humidity significantly. This type of film also offers better light transmission—up to 10–15% more than regular agricultural films—helping increase temperatures and further reduce humidity. 3. **Mulching** Applying mulch around the base of plants reduces soil evaporation, which in turn lowers the overall humidity in the air. It also helps conserve water and reduces the frequency of irrigation, making it an efficient and eco-friendly practice. 4. **Drip Irrigation** Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, minimizing water waste and reducing the amount of moisture released into the air. Compared to traditional sprinkler systems, it lowers air humidity by more than 10%, as only a small portion of the soil is wetted at any time. 5. **Drip Irrigation Under Mulch** Combining drip irrigation with mulch is one of the most effective ways to control humidity. The method involves raising the planting beds, placing the drip tubes in the center, and then covering them with mulch. This approach minimizes evaporation and keeps the air drier. 6. **Dust and Smog Methods** Instead of using sprays that increase humidity, dust or smog application methods are more suitable for disease control. These techniques avoid adding moisture to the air, making them ideal for high-humidity environments. 7. **Morning Dehydration and Temperature Adjustment** During the morning, when humidity is naturally high, it's best to avoid excessive ventilation. As long as it doesn’t harm the crops, increasing the temperature (e.g., up to 32°C for cucumbers) can help reduce humidity. Once the temperature reaches the optimal level, controlled ventilation can begin. 8. **Scattered Wetlands** On sunny days, the top layer of soil tends to dry out quickly, reducing evaporation. This technique also prevents deep soil moisture from rising to the surface, helping maintain lower humidity levels. 9. **Reflective Screens** Hanging reflective screens not only enhances light intensity but also raises ground and ambient temperatures by about 2°C. Since humidity decreases as temperature increases, this method contributes to effective dehumidification. By implementing these strategies, greenhouse operators can maintain an optimal balance between temperature and humidity, promoting healthier plant growth and reducing the risk of disease.

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