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Cultivating edible fungi starts with preparing high-quality culture material, which plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the mushrooms. So, how do you create an excellent culture medium?
**Preparation:**
The culture material should be prepared at 0.1% of the weight (or one-thousandth), and if using recycled waste, it can be increased to 0.2%. Prepare a fermentation aid specifically for golden baby mushrooms. Soak or cut the main ingredients, pre-wet them, and adjust the moisture content to 60-70%, with a pH around 8.
**Mixing:**
Dilute the fermentation aid with fresh rice bran (avoid old or low-nutrient rice bran). Use 5 kg of rice bran per 1 kg of golden baby fermentation aid. Then mix this with pre-wet bran, cake meal, manure, and other additives before evenly incorporating it into the main ingredients.
**Piling:**
Stir the raw materials as usual and form a pile. Punch ventilation holes (about 10 cm in diameter) in the center to ensure proper air circulation. Cover the pile with breathable materials like sacks or straw curtains to retain heat and moisture.
**Turning:**
When the temperature reaches around 65°C, turn the pile for the first time. Repeat the process after 3–4 days. For Agaricus bisporus, the turning interval is slightly longer.
**Temperature Control:**
In the early stages of fermentation, temperatures may rise quickly to 70–75°C, but it’s important to turn the pile immediately. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 75°C can damage nutrients and reduce yield. In later stages, adjust temperature by removing covers, increasing aeration, watering, reducing pile height, or turning again to keep it within an optimal range.
**Moisture Management:**
As the pile heats up, moisture evaporates. Replenish water as needed, preferably with 0.5% lime water. The last watering and turning should be done together. Avoid adding too much water when sowing to prevent "raw water" that might hinder the mycelium from growing properly.
**Completion:**
For Pleurotus ostreatus and straw mushrooms, the fermentation process takes about 5–6 days. Agaricus bisporus requires 10–15 days. When ready, the culture material should have a moisture content of around 65%, appear brown, and be covered with white hyphae. It should not smell of ammonia, feel neither sticky nor overly wet, and the straw should break easily when pulled. This indicates that the culture is fully fermented and ready for inoculation. For more details, visit our website or contact us directly.
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