Green shell egg chicken feeding and management points

Green shell layer chickens, also known as black chickens, are characterized by their green-shelled eggs. These hens are small in size, highly resilient to stress, and efficient in converting feed into growth, making them a promising breed for poultry farming. **Chick Rearing Management** The brooding period for green shell layers lasts from day 0 to day 60. To raise healthy chicks, it's essential to select vigorous, disease-free chicks, prepare the environment thoroughly, and maintain strict management practices throughout the process. The first time chicks drink water is called the "first drink." This should occur before feeding, using cold water at 20°C to 25°C. For each liter of water, add 50 grams of glucose, 1 gram of vitamin C, and 1000 units of penicillin. After drinking, ensure continuous access to clean water and monitor for any shortages. From one to two weeks of age, introduce water with antibiotics like gentamicin or streptomycin to prevent infections. The first feeding, or "first eat," should occur 2 to 3 hours after the first drink. When about one-third of the chicks begin foraging, feeding can start. The best time to begin feeding is between 24 and 36 hours after hatching. Feed should be fresh, nutritious, and easy to digest. Options include cooked millet or crushed corn. To enhance nutrition, add 4 egg yolks, 0.5 kg of milk powder, and 5 grams of multivitamins per 10 kg of feed. The feed should contain 19% crude protein, 12 MJ/kg of metabolic energy, and 0.8% calcium. Feed frequency decreases over time: 6 times daily for the first two weeks, 5 times for weeks 3–4, 4 times for weeks 5–6, and 3 times starting from week 7. Provide grit once a week from the second week onward, not exceeding 1% of the diet. Temperature is critical during the early stages. Green shell layer chicks thrive in temperatures ranging from 33°C to 35°C in the first week, gradually decreasing by 2°C to 3°C weekly until reaching room temperature by day 60. Avoid sudden temperature changes to reduce disease risk. Maintain a stable environment, with a difference of no more than 6°C to 8°C between the brooding area and surrounding air. Humidity should be kept between 65% and 70% in the first week, dropping to 55%–60% in the second week, and 50%–60% from the third week onward. Low humidity increases the risk of respiratory issues, while high humidity can lead to white diarrhea and coccidiosis. Chick density varies depending on age. In the first three days, keep 45–50 chicks per square meter. Gradually reduce density as they grow, ensuring proper space for development and reducing health risks. Ventilation is crucial for maintaining air quality. Ensure fresh air circulation to keep CO₂ levels below 0.15% and ammonia under 20 ppm. Avoid drafts, especially during rest periods. Lighting is important for chick development. For the first 3 days, use 23–24 hours of light at 15–20 LX. Reduce to 17–19 hours by week 3, then gradually shorten lighting until it matches natural daylight by day 150. Disease prevention requires a strict biosecurity system. Keep the environment clean, disinfect regularly, and avoid spreading dead birds. Follow vaccination schedules and manage stress effectively. **Broiler Chicken Management** From day 60 to 150, the focus shifts to maturing the hens. Control weight and sexual maturity to ensure synchronized development. Only retain hens that meet standards for egg production; others can be sold. Restricted feeding helps control growth, delay sexual maturity, and improve egg quality. Feed should be balanced, with protein levels around 14–15%, metabolic energy 10.66–10.87 MJ/kg, and calcium at 0.6%. Include 20–30% green feed. Feed 3 times daily, offering concentrates in the morning and afternoon, and green feed at noon. Lighting plays a key role in managing broilers. Light duration should either remain constant or decrease gradually. For spring chicks, maintain consistent lighting; for autumn chicks, gradually reduce light time. **Egg Production Management** Laying hens perform best in cages. Proper nutrition, environment, and disease control are vital. Adjust feed formulas based on the laying stage: - **Pre-laying (150 days):** Metabolic energy 10.87–12.28 MJ/kg, crude protein 15–16%, calcium 2%. - **Peak laying (>30% egg rate):** Metabolic energy 12.28–12.30 MJ/kg, protein 16–17%, calcium 3%. - **Late laying (<20% egg rate):** Limit feed to 95% of normal, reduce protein to 15%, and increase calcium to 3.2%. Add vitamin AD3 at 0.1–0.2 kg per 100 kg of feed. Increase lighting to 16 hours gradually, starting at 150 days. Maintain consistent light intensity (25 LX) and avoid sudden changes. In rainy weather, supplement with artificial light. Maintain a stable environment, with optimal temperatures between 20°C and 25°C. Implement cooling in summer and heating in winter. Improve ventilation, reduce stress, and follow regular egg collection procedures. Ensure cleanliness and hygiene in the coop. Regularly clean and disinfect, control pests, and manage waste properly. Prevent moldy feed and contaminated water to protect flock health.

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