Radish high yield cultivation

1. Choose suitable varieties. When planting closely, it's essential to select a variety that is less prone to leaf curling. The plants should be robust with a solid root structure and not hollow at harvest. The choice of variety and planting density should be based on local climate, soil conditions, and the season. Examples include the four-season radish and Lanxi radish, which are well-suited for different growing environments. 2. Soil preparation and fertilization. Sandy loam or loam soil is ideal for radish cultivation. After harvesting previous crops such as rice, soybeans, or vegetables, clear the field and plow it thoroughly. For large radish varieties, the soil should be tilled to a depth of more than 25 cm, while smaller varieties can be planted in slightly shallower soil. The land should be level, with deep ditches and loose soil throughout. To avoid excessive leaf growth that may lead to disease, topdressing is preferred over applying basic fertilizer. Compost should not be used for disease prevention. 3. Fine seed sowing. The seeding rate varies depending on the variety, seed quality, germination rate, and sowing method. Before sowing, check the seed quality carefully. Large and medium radishes are usually broadcasted at about 0.5 kg per acre, while small varieties are sown or drilled at 0.8 to 1 kg per acre. Sow 3-4 seeds per hole to prevent thinning, ensure even distribution, and keep the soil moist after sowing. Deep sowing helps prevent seedling distortion and ensures uniform growth. 4. Close planting. Select the appropriate variety and spacing based on the sowing and harvest dates. For early sowing from late June to mid-July, with harvest in September, choose varieties with fewer leaves and plant them at 66 cm by 24 cm (or 22 cm) spacing, totaling 4,200 to 4,600 plants per acre. For mid-July to early August sowing, with harvest from late September to October, choose varieties with slightly more foliage and plant more than 4,600 plants per acre at 66 cm by 22 cm (or 20 cm) spacing. 5. Topdressing and irrigation. Proper application of fertilizer and water helps balance the growth of the above-ground and below-ground parts, which is crucial for high-quality and high-yield radishes. In the early growth stage, promote strong leaf and root development to lay the foundation for fleshy root expansion. Once the fleshy root starts to swell, apply decomposed human manure or biogas slurry along with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to support nutrient transport and accumulation. However, once the plant reaches a certain growth stage, nutrient flow should be directed toward storage organs. During the rapid fleshy root enlargement phase, ensure the leaves remain healthy and long-lived to maximize nutrient production. 6. Weeding and soil cultivation. After the radish emerges, perform weeding and soil loosening before the plants close the row. If rain or irrigation causes soil compaction, cultivate the soil promptly to maintain good aeration and drainage. 7. Pest and disease control. Early prevention is key to managing pests and diseases in radishes. Common diseases include black rot and soft rot. Black rot can be prevented through seed disinfection, crop rotation, and improved ventilation. If it occurs, treat with streptomycin. Soft rot can be controlled by applying a 500-800 times dilution of a fungicide in the evening. Major pests like aphids and cabbage caterpillars can be managed using insecticides such as Bt or other approved agents. 8. Timely harvesting. Radishes should be harvested at the right time depending on the variety and sowing date. Harvest when the fleshy root has fully developed. Harvesting too early results in low yield, while harvesting too late increases the risk of frost damage and reduces quality. Always check the maturity of the roots before deciding on the harvest time.

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