Radish high yield cultivation

1. Choose suitable varieties. When planting closely, it's essential to select a variety that is resistant to leaf curling. The plants should be robust, and the harvest period should not be hollow or uneven. Additionally, the planting density and variety should be chosen based on local climate, soil conditions, and seasonal factors. For example, four-season radishes and Lanxi radishes are commonly used in such practices. 2. Soil preparation and fertilization. Sandy loam or loamy soils are ideal for radish cultivation. Previous crops like rice, soybeans, or vegetables should be cleared from the field promptly, followed by plowing and drying. Deep plowing is necessary for large radish varieties—more than 25 cm deep—while smaller varieties can be planted slightly shallower. The land should be well-prepared with level beds, deep ditches, and loose soil throughout. To avoid excessive leaf growth that may lead to disease, top-dressing is preferred over applying basic fertilizer. Compost should not be used for disease prevention. 3. Precise sowing. The seeding rate varies depending on the variety, seed quality, germination rate, sowing method, and season. Before sowing, seeds should be carefully inspected for quality. Large and medium radish varieties are usually broadcasted at about 0.5 kg per acre, while small varieties are either drilled or sown at 0.8 to 1 kg per acre. When sowing, place 3–4 seeds per hole to prevent thinning, ensure even distribution, and keep the soil moist after sowing. To reduce the risk of crusting, seeds should be sown deeper, and the seedlings should be evenly spread out. 4. Proper spacing. Based on the sowing date and harvest time, choose appropriate varieties and plant spacing. For radishes sown between late June and mid-July, harvested in September, select varieties with fewer leaves and plant them at 66 cm x 24 cm (or 22 cm) spacing, resulting in approximately 4,200 to 4,600 plants per acre. For those sown from mid-July to early August, harvested between late September and October, choose varieties with slightly more foliage. Plant more than 4,600 plants per acre with a spacing of 66 cm x 22 cm (or 20 cm). 5. Topdressing and watering. Proper application of water and fertilizer helps maintain a balance between above-ground and below-ground growth, which is crucial for high-quality and high-yield radishes. In the early stages, promote strong leaf and root development to lay a solid foundation for fleshy root expansion. Once the fleshy root starts swelling, apply decomposed human manure or biogas slurry along with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to support nutrient transport and accumulation. However, once nutrients reach a certain level, their movement should be controlled to direct them toward storage organs. During rapid fleshy root growth, ensure that the leaves remain healthy and long-lasting to maximize nutrient production. 6. Weeding and cultivation. After the radish plants emerge, perform weeding and cultivation before the plants close the row. If heavy rain causes soil compaction, cultivate the soil promptly to maintain good aeration and weed control. 7. Pest and disease control. Early prevention is key when managing pests and diseases in radishes. Common diseases include black rot and soft rot. Black rot can be prevented through agricultural practices like seed disinfection, crop rotation, and improved ventilation. If it occurs, antibiotics like streptomycin can be used for irrigation. Soft rot can be controlled using a 500–800 times dilution of "Enemy Kesong" applied in the evening. Common pests include aphids and cabbage caterpillars, which can be managed with insecticides such as vegetable-specific sprays or Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis). 8. Timely harvesting. Radishes should be harvested at different times depending on the variety and sowing date. Harvesting is typically done when the fleshy root has fully developed. Harvesting too early reduces yield, while harvesting too late increases the risk of frost damage or reduced quality. It's important to monitor the growth stage and pick at the optimal time for best results.

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