Southern Bigmouth Breeding

The Southern Bigmouth Bass, also known as the Bigmouth Bass, is commonly referred to by various names such as Dahe River, Nai Lang, Fork Nai, and Nai Tai. This fish is highly adaptable and grows rapidly, making it a popular choice for aquaculture. Its meat is tender, flavorful, and has minimal connective tissue, making it non-greasy and delicious. Not only does it serve as a culinary delight, but it also offers medicinal benefits, including nourishing the body, promoting diuresis, enhancing milk production, managing diabetes, reducing edema, and treating conditions like dark sores and acne. The whole fish can be ground into hot mud or used in gelatin forging to treat skin issues. Due to its high demand, it is widely consumed in Europe, America, and Australia, and its artificial breeding offers significant economic returns. **Physical Characteristics** The Southern Bigmouth Bass has a large, flat mouth, broad chest and abdomen, and a long, flat tail. Its body is smooth and scaleless, with a mucus-rich skin. The eyes are small, and the mouth is large, giving it its name. It has two nostrils on each side of the snout, with the front nostril being short and located on the snout, while the rear one is round and positioned in front of the eye. The upper and lower jaws have inward-pointing fine teeth. Adult fish have two pairs, while juveniles have three. The caudal fin is concave, with the upper lobe longer than the lower one. The intestine is short, and the stomach is well-developed. The back is typically gray-brown or tan, while the belly is gray-white with small black spots. All fins are grayish-black. **Behavior and Growth** This low-lying fish prefers to hide in shaded areas during the day and only moves up to feed. It is docile, doesn’t jump easily, and avoids burrowing. It thrives in water temperatures ranging from 0°C to 38°C, with optimal growth between 12°C and 31°C, and the best at 25°C to 38°C. As a carnivorous species, it preys on aquatic insects and grows quickly, reaching up to 500 grams in its first year. Under artificial breeding, fry can reach 600 grams by the end of the first year, 1,500 grams in the second, and 4,000 grams in the third. In southern regions, it grows year-round, especially in summer and autumn, gaining 3-5 grams per day on average. **Reproduction** Mature females reach sexual maturity at 4 years old, with a body length of 80 cm, and can lay over 40,000 eggs. Spawning occurs from March to June, with an ideal temperature of 20°C to 23°C. The eggs are yellow, transparent, and flat, with sticky properties. At 22°C to 25°C, fertilized eggs hatch into larvae within 40 hours. Newly hatched larvae have large yolk sacs and swim near the bottom, beginning to feed after 2-3 days. **Breeding Techniques** For adult fish farming, pure bigmouth fry should be selected, distinguishing them from other species. Bigmouth fry have longer upper caudal lobes, a more yellowish-brown color, and active feeding behavior. Soil-based fry have shorter, darker tails and are less active. There are several methods for raising large populations: 1. **Pond Raising**: Ponds of 1-2 acres with a depth of 1.5-2 meters are suitable. Aerator systems are recommended. After sterilization, 800-1000 fry per acre (8-12 cm) are raised for 140-150 days, reaching 500 grams. Survival rates range from 85% to 95%. Some ponds may also include whitefish, at 100-120 per acre, avoiding eels and grass carp. 2. **Pond Setup**: Large-scale wild fish ponds can be used, with 20-50 bigmouth bass per mu. This helps control wild fish populations and reduce disease. However, it’s important not to overstock or rely solely on this method. 3. **Cage Farming**: Net cages are increasingly used for largemouth bass due to their adaptability. Three-tier cage systems are common, with varying mesh sizes depending on fish size. Fish are stocked at different stages, ensuring efficient growth. Feeding is done using formulated feeds, with protein levels adjusted according to growth stages. 4. **Rice Field Stocking**: Paddy fields are ideal for raising bigmouth bass, provided they are well-watered and have proper drainage. Fish ditches and barriers are essential. Disinfection is crucial, and feed can include wild fish or plant-based mixtures. Regular water changes ensure good water quality. **Disease Prevention** Bigmouth bass is generally disease-resistant, though young fish may suffer from white spot disease, small melon worm disease, and hemorrhagic disease. Adult fish are prone to enteritis and rickets. Prevention involves proper pond disinfection, maintaining water quality, and controlling stocking density. Treatments like ferrous sulfate, chlorine, or lime are effective when used correctly. Due to the lack of scales, medication dosages must be carefully managed.

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