To prevent the fall of wheat in the spring

In the middle and later stages of wheat growth, lodging is a common issue that can occur locally or on a large scale. This phenomenon significantly hinders grain filling and reduces grain weight, ultimately leading to lower yields. According to field surveys, the average yield loss per hectare due to lodging is approximately 40 kg, which directly impacts the goal of achieving high and stable wheat production. One of the main causes of wheat lodging in spring is improper agricultural practices. For example, excessive seeding rates or incorrect timing of top-dressing can lead to excessively long internodes. Additionally, the accumulation of sugars in the stem during the first internode stage may be reduced, causing the stem walls to become thinner and weakening the plant's ability to resist lodging. To prevent lodging, proper management is essential. First, fertilizer application should be carefully controlled. In high-yield wheat fields, timely irrigation is crucial, and it's generally advisable to avoid excessive water during the early growth stages. During the green-up phase in spring, watering without fertilizers should be prioritized. After the jointing stage (when the second leaf becomes visible), a second round of irrigation should be applied, along with appropriate amounts of NPK fertilizer to help shorten the length of the base internodes. The ideal lengths are around 4.5–5.7 cm for the first internode and 7.6–8.5 cm for the second. These measurements help improve the plant’s resistance to lodging. Late-season irrigation should be based on weather forecasts, following the principle of stopping before wind or rain occurs to avoid unnecessary stress on the plants. Another effective method is to implement disease and pest control measures. Before the jointing stage, applying 15% paclobutrazol powder at a rate of 50–60 grams per 40–50 kg of water can effectively reduce excessive growth and shorten the internodes. Alternatively, using 20% Zhuangfengan emulsion at 30–40 ml per acre (specifically formulated for wheat) mixed with 25–30 kg of water can also help control the elongation of the base internodes without affecting the overall structure. This treatment strengthens the stem wall and increases yield by 8–13%. Other foliar fertilizers such as chlorella, chitosan, Tianwei, and Dielkin have also shown positive effects in reducing lodging risk. For diseases like wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew, and pests like aphids, it's important to adopt a preventive and integrated approach. Monitoring and addressing these issues promptly when they reach critical thresholds can enhance the plant’s resilience and resistance to lodging. By combining proper irrigation, balanced fertilization, and effective pest control, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of lodging and ensure better crop performance.

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