Premature cultivation technique of warm crater covered with watermelon mulch

In recent years, practical experience in farming has demonstrated that adopting a new technique—using mulched warm pits to accelerate the harvest of fresh watermelons—is an effective way to achieve early maturation and higher yields. This method, developed through research and improvement upon traditional plastic film coverage, is simple yet highly efficient. Its key advantages include: first, it increases ground temperature and enhances the microclimate for seedling growth; second, it allows earlier sowing, typically 10 to 15 days ahead of schedule; third, it leads to earlier maturity, enabling farmers to bring their produce to market sooner and gain significant economic benefits. **First, the Practice of Warm Pits** **(I) Digging the Pit** On the entire planting ridge, small pits are dug according to the plant spacing. Each pit should be 15 to 18 cm deep. A layer of 0.5 to 1.0 kg of well-fermented organic fertilizer is placed at the bottom, mixed with soil to create a shallow pit about 10 to 12 cm deep and 15 to 18 cm wide. **(II) Sowing and Covering** After filling the bottom of the pit with water, once it has been absorbed, 2 to 3 pre-soaked or germinated seeds are planted. Then, cover them with 2 to 3 cm of moist, fine soil. **(III) Mulching** Immediately after sowing, the ridge is covered with plastic film, ensuring it is smooth, straight, and tightly sealed. Each seed pit becomes a small greenhouse underground. Under sunlight, this not only warms the surface but also significantly raises the temperature within the pit, creating a warm environment powered by solar energy. **Second, Variety Selection** This method is ideal for early harvesting. Using early-maturing varieties can enhance the effect, but even mid-to-late maturing varieties can mature faster than those grown under regular plastic film. **Third, Appropriate Sowing Time** The optimal sowing date is usually 10 to 15 days earlier than standard plastic film covering. It’s best to sow 10 to 15 days before the last frost. However, the exact timing should be adjusted based on local weather conditions. **Fourth, Removing the Film and Thinning Seedlings** Once the risk of night frost has passed and temperatures stabilize, the film should be removed promptly. Pull out 2 to 4 healthy seedlings from each warm pit, carefully remove the film, gently flatten the pit, and cover the roots with wet soil. Ensure the film is re-covered tightly so that the seedlings grow freely above while their roots remain protected underneath. **Fifth, Preventing Frost Damage** During early spring, temperatures can still be low. After sowing, farmers must monitor weather changes and take precautions against cold damage. If a sudden drop occurs, sprinkle a thin layer of dry soil over the film or cover it with straw. When the weather improves, remove the soil and straw to allow proper air circulation. **Sixth, Avoiding Heat Damage** Early spring temperatures can fluctuate rapidly. While protecting against frost, it's also important to prevent heat stress. When outdoor temperatures reach 30°C, the temperature inside the pit may rise to around 40°C. To avoid overheating, ventilation holes (about 3 to 5 cm away from the seedlings on the north side of the pit) should be made in the mulch. These holes help release excess heat and promote airflow. It’s best to do this between 9 and 10 a.m., avoiding the intense midday sun. On cloudy days when temperatures stay below 25°C, the plastic film can remain in place for continued protection.

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