Key technologies of snail breeding

Snail meat is known for its fresh and unique flavor, packed with protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and essential vitamins. Farmers can easily raise snails in small ponds or rice fields, making it a viable and profitable farming option. Here's a detailed guide on snail farming techniques: 1. **Snail Behavior and Habitat** Snails are gastropod mollusks that thrive in warm, moist environments. They prefer water that is cool in summer and warm in winter, with soft sediment, abundant food sources, and clean water. Snails often gather in areas with slow-moving water. They feed mainly on aquatic plants, organic debris, and algae, and are most active during the night. The ideal temperature range for their growth is between 20°C and 27°C. 2. **Breeding Habits** As water temperatures rise to around 15°C in late spring and early summer, snails emerge from their hibernation sites. Breeding typically starts in April, with peak seasons occurring between July and August. Female snails can lay 20–30 batches of eggs when they are 1–2 instars, while those at 4 instars may lay 40–50 batches. Japanese snails grow quickly and reach sexual maturity within one year. Breeding occurs from April to September. 3. **Site Selection for Breeding** Choose a location with a reliable water supply, good water quality, and rich humus soil. Running water is ideal for better oxygenation and waste removal. A typical snail pond is about 1.5–1.6 meters wide and 10–15 meters long, with a depth of around 50 cm. Install inlet and outlet systems to prevent escape. Plant aquatic vegetation like water hyacinths to improve the ecological environment and increase productivity. 4. **Stocking Methods** Introduce snails in late March. Before releasing them, treat the pond with lime (50–100 kg per mu) to eliminate unwanted fish and other snails. After a few days, add organic fertilizers to promote natural food growth. Stock snails at a rate of 100–120 per square meter. You can also raise them alongside clams or other species for polyculture. Choose healthy snails with light-brown shells and smooth bodies for best results. 5. **Water Quality Management** Maintaining clean water is crucial for successful snail farming. Avoid using water high in iron or sulfur, as these can cause discoloration and bad odors in snails. Ideal water is slightly turbid, rich in natural nutrients, and well-oxygenated. Keep the water depth around 30 cm and ensure continuous flow during breeding seasons. In hot weather, use running water; in cooler months, microflow systems work well. 6. **Feeding Practices** Snails can be fed naturally by maintaining nutrient-rich water and adding organic manure such as chicken, cow, or pig dung. You can also provide chopped leaves, rice bran, soybean cake, or animal organs. A balanced diet includes 60% rice bran, 25% wheat bran, and 15% soybean cake. Feed snails every two days when temperatures are between 20–27°C, giving 2–3% of their body weight. Reduce feeding frequency when temperatures drop below 15°C or exceed 30°C. 7. **Winter Care** When water temperatures fall to 8–9°C, snails begin to hibernate. They bury themselves in the mud, leaving a small opening for breathing. Maintain a water depth of 10–15 cm and change the water every 3–4 days to keep oxygen levels sufficient. No feeding is needed during this period. 8. **Harvesting and Transport** After one year of care, snails can weigh between 10–20 grams. Harvest by selectively removing larger snails and keeping smaller ones for future breeding. Retain some females to naturally replenish the population. During hot seasons, collect snails by placing bamboo or grass near the water’s edge in the morning or evening. In colder months, collect them during sunny midday hours. Alternatively, drain the pond and collect snails manually. Transporting snails is simple—use bamboo baskets, wooden barrels, or woven bags. Ensure they remain moist and avoid direct sunlight during transit. With proper care and management, snail farming can be both sustainable and profitable for farmers.

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