Key points of using ducks to raise ducks

Rice field duck farming is an ecological and sustainable method that integrates duck rearing with rice cultivation. In this system, ducks are not the main source of income but play a key role in biological pest control, helping to maintain a balanced ecosystem in the rice fields. Therefore, selecting the right duck breeds is crucial. Medium-sized, hardy, and adaptable breeds with strong foraging abilities and resistance to rough feeding are preferred. Recommended breeds include the Ji'an Red-Haired Duck and the Sanmaoshan Duck, both known for their high quality and productivity. The **Ji'an Red-Haired Duck** is a small to medium-sized breed with a compact body, bright eyes, and well-developed muscles. It is highly adaptable and thrives on a diet of rice and natural feed. These ducks typically reach market weight within 80–90 days, weighing around 1.35 kg. They are also known for their tender meat and high lean meat ratio, making them ideal for processing. Their egg production rate is about 134 eggs per hen at 135 days, with peak production occurring at 186 days. Adult males weigh approximately 1.45 kg, while females average around 1.3 kg. This breed is well-suited for rural farming systems due to its resilience and low maintenance requirements. The **Sanmaoshan Duck**, native to Longyan, Fujian, is another excellent choice. Males have a broad back and chest, with iridescent feathers, while females are more slender. These ducks mature early, laying up to 280–300 eggs per year. They are known for their high egg production, adaptability, and good growth rates. At 90 days old, they can weigh up to 1.3 kg, and by 72 weeks, they can reach 1.5 kg. Their ability to forage and thrive in various environments makes them ideal for integrated farming systems. **Feeding and Management of Ducklings** Brooding is a critical stage in duck rearing, requiring careful attention to temperature, humidity, nutrition, and cleanliness. The best time to raise ducklings is during spring or summer, as these seasons provide favorable conditions for growth and survival. Spring chicks, hatched between March and May, benefit from gradually warming temperatures and sufficient sunlight. However, they require proper insulation and protection from sudden weather changes. Summer chicks, hatched between June and August, may face heat stress, so shade and ventilation are essential. Autumn and winter chicks are generally not recommended due to unsuitable growing conditions. Various brooding methods can be used depending on available facilities. **Ground brooding** involves using bedding such as straw or wood shavings, while **half-ground brooding** uses a combination of netting and floor space. **Carton brooding** is cost-effective and suitable for small-scale farmers, though it requires regular monitoring for ventilation and hygiene. Ducklings should be given fresh water immediately after hatching, and feeding should begin within 24–28 hours. A consistent feeding schedule with frequent meals ensures optimal growth. As they grow, they can transition to free-choice feeding. Clean water and nutritious feed are essential for their health and development. **Field Management and Grazing** Once ducklings are about 20 days old and weigh over 100 grams, they can be introduced to the rice fields. Before entering the fields, they should be trained to forage naturally, eating insects, weeds, and aquatic organisms. Rice fields should be prepared with proper fencing, shelters, and water sources to ensure the ducks' comfort and safety. Stocking density should be carefully managed to avoid overcrowding. Grazing times should be adjusted based on temperature and water conditions. Ducks should not be placed in the fields when temperatures exceed 30°C, especially during hot summer months. Rotating grazing areas helps prevent overgrazing and maintains soil health. After rice harvest, the remaining stubble provides ample food for the ducks. **Disease Prevention and Vaccination** Ducks are prone to diseases in open-field systems, so disease prevention is vital. Vaccination schedules vary by region and local disease prevalence. Common vaccines include those for duck viral hepatitis, fowl cholera, and infectious serositis. Regular health checks, clean housing, and proper sanitation help reduce disease risks. **Important Considerations** - Use low-toxicity pesticides and minimize chemical use to protect both ducks and rice crops. - Ensure proper shelter and rodent control in duck houses. - During pesticide application, remove ducks from the fields and keep drinking water separate to avoid contamination. - Avoid keeping ducks in areas contaminated with oil, chemicals, or infected zones. By following these guidelines, farmers can successfully integrate duck rearing with rice cultivation, promoting sustainability, productivity, and environmental harmony.

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