Goldfish breeding - Management of spawning incubation

During the spawning season, goldfish breeders typically begin their reproductive activities in early spring. Before and after the Qingming Festival, when water temperatures rise above 10°C and light conditions are favorable, male fish start chasing females in groups of two or three. This behavior signals that the broodstock is preparing for spawning and is entering the mating phase. When the water temperature reaches around 12°C, it's time to prepare the spawning environment. Selected spawning nests should be bundled together—either in a circular or flat shape—to increase the surface area for egg adhesion. These nests are then placed into the spawning pool. The following morning, males become more active, quickly chasing females who then dart into the nests, moving back and forth. Males closely follow, using their heads, gill covers, and pectoral fins to rub the females’ bellies. As the females become stimulated, they swim faster and sometimes even jump out of the water. When the spawning climax is reached, the females contract their abdominal muscles, releasing eggs. At the same time, the males release milt, which fertilizes the eggs in the water. Fertilized eggs stick to the nest or the walls of the spawning tank. The eggs are usually about 0.8 to 1 mm in diameter, and their size depends on the female’s nutrition, growth, and overall development. During the spawning period, regular monitoring is crucial. If females show signs of delayed spawning—often referred to as "not opening the door"—it may indicate an imbalance in the male-to-female ratio or poor health. In such cases, adding more males or replacing them can help. However, if there are too many males, they may over-chase the females, causing exhaustion or even surface gasping. In this case, temporarily separating the brooders is recommended. Additionally, any signs of physical damage or abrasions on the fish should be addressed promptly. It's also important to manage the spawning nests carefully. Once a nest is filled with eggs, it should be removed and placed in a hatching tank immediately. A new nest should then be introduced to prevent eggs from falling to the bottom or sticking to the tank walls, which could lead to damage. After the eggs are laid, the nests should be taken out and placed in the hatching tank right away. Proper care during spawning is essential. Strengthening feeding and management of the broodstock helps ensure the gonads develop fully, which significantly improves both egg production and fertilization rates. Before spawning, feed the broodstock live food to support their energy needs. During the spawning period, since the fish may lose appetite due to heat, avoid overfeeding. After spawning, when their appetite returns, gradually increase feeding to aid recovery. Daily water changes are also critical. Spawning often leaves unfertilized eggs, dead sperm, and debris in the water, all of which consume oxygen and reduce dissolved oxygen levels. By morning, this can cause goldfish to float at the surface due to oxygen deprivation, posing a serious risk. Even when spawning is not heavy, neglecting water changes can still lead to poor water quality. Signs like milky water or a strong odor indicate contamination, so regular checks and timely water changes are vital. By maintaining clean water, observing fish behavior, and managing the spawning process carefully, breeders can significantly improve the success rate of goldfish reproduction.

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