Sexual reproduction technology of Kuding tea

Sexual reproduction in plants refers to the production of seeds. Kudingcha, a dioecious plant, is sparsely distributed and has a low seed set rate. Additionally, its seeds are thick and hard, making them difficult to germinate under normal conditions. Harvesting Kudingcha seeds typically occurs in November when the fruits turn red, indicating maturity. It's crucial to harvest at the right time—harvesting too early results in underdeveloped embryos with weak growth potential, while delaying the harvest may cause the fruits to drop and lead to losses. To ensure seed quality, it’s recommended to conduct two separate harvests. The first harvest should take place when the fruit is still immature, leaving the younger leaves intact, and the second harvest should occur about half a month later. After harvesting, fresh fruits have a high moisture content (50–60%) and are not easy to store. Before storage, the outer husk should be removed, and the seeds should be dried indoors, with a layer no thicker than 5 cm. They should be turned several times daily to ensure even drying. Avoid exposing the fruits directly to sunlight, as this can cause excessive water loss and reduce germination rates. Once dried, the seeds should be stratified by layering them with moist sand—3–4 cm of sand, followed by 1 cm of seeds, then another 1 cm of wet sand, repeating the process. The sand must remain consistently moist throughout storage. Soaking the seeds before germination is essential due to their hard seed coat. Soak them in water for 3–4 days, changing the water daily. Germination is a critical step in successful sexual reproduction. Using an incubator, maintain a temperature of 42–44°C and humidity of 65–75% for approximately 30 days. For sowing, choose a nursery site with well-drained sandy loam soil, which is less prone to compaction and promotes better emergence. The soil layer should be at least 40 cm deep, and the location should have access to a reliable water source. Sowing is usually done between November and March of the following year, with winter sowing often yielding better results than spring. In one experiment, seeds were sown in March 1993. After leveling the soil, the seeds were mixed with phosphate fertilizer and evenly spread, then covered with fine sifted soil three times the depth of the seeds. A layer of mulch was placed on top to retain warmth. Due to their small size, Kudingcha seeds require shallow sowing to facilitate emergence. Shallow planting also ensures adequate oxygen supply and allows the soil surface to warm up faster in spring, helping the seedlings emerge more quickly. Seedling management begins 5–6 months after sowing, though the germination rate is typically low. According to statistics, only 2,400 out of 14,000 seeds germinated, and by August, only 2,000 survived. Once the seedlings emerge, proper care is essential: regular weeding to prevent competition for nutrients and water, timely application of thin human manure to provide nourishment and improve drought resistance, and the use of a shade net in June to protect young seedlings from sunburn and excessive evaporation. Seedling management also includes pest control, pruning, and regular cultivation.

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