Rice field duck technical points

Rice field ducks are an essential component of the integrated rice-duck farming system, where duck rearing serves as a complementary activity to produce high-quality, eco-friendly rice. Their primary role is biological pest control, making it crucial to select breeds that are hardy, adaptable, and capable of thriving on rough feed. Medium-sized breeds with strong foraging abilities and good disease resistance are ideal. Recommended breeds include the Ji’an Red-Haired Duck and the Sanmaoshan Ma Duck, both of which are well-suited for this kind of sustainable farming. The Ji’an Red-Haired Duck is known for its compact body, strong muscles, and excellent foraging skills. Males are medium-sized with a broad chest, while females have a more streamlined build. These ducks are genetically stable, easy to raise, and have a high lean meat ratio. They can be raised in 80–90 days, reaching a weight of 1000–1150 grams. With proper feeding, including about 3–4 kg of rice, they can gain up to 1350–1400 grams by the end of the fattening period. These ducks are also known for their early egg production, typically starting at around 112 days, with an average egg-laying rate of 135 eggs by day 134 and 50% production by day 186. Adult ducks weigh approximately 1450 grams, making them ideal for both meat and egg production in rural settings. The Sanmaoshan Ma Duck, native to Longyan, Fujian, is another highly adaptable breed. Males have a broad back and striking iridescent plumage, while females are slender and more compact. These ducks mature quickly, with males weighing around 1300 grams and females reaching 1500 grams by 72 weeks. They begin laying eggs at around 120 days old, producing 280–300 eggs over 500 days. Their early maturity, high egg production, and adaptability make them a popular choice for small-scale farmers. Brooding is a critical phase in raising ducklings, requiring careful management of temperature, humidity, and nutrition. The best time to hatch ducklings is during spring or summer, as these seasons provide favorable conditions for growth and survival. Spring chicks, hatched between March and April, benefit from warmer temperatures and longer daylight hours, leading to better development and higher survival rates. However, they require extra insulation during the early stages due to unpredictable weather. Summer chicks, hatched between June and August, face challenges with heat and humidity, but they generally do not need additional heating. Autumn and winter chicks are less suitable for rice-duck integration due to seasonal mismatches. There are several brooding methods depending on available facilities. Ground brooding involves using bedding like straw or wood shavings, which is cost-effective but harder to manage for disease control. Half-ground brooding uses a net-covered area to keep the floor dry, improving hygiene and efficiency. Carton brooding is ideal for small-scale operations, using cardboard boxes to reduce costs and provide ventilation. Each method has its advantages and is suited to different farming scales. Proper hydration and feeding are vital for young ducklings. Within 24 hours of hatching, they should be given clean, fresh water, often through a "pointing water" technique. As they grow, their water intake increases, so regular cleaning of drinking vessels is necessary. Feeding should start within 24–28 hours, initially with frequent small meals, gradually transitioning to free-choice feeding. High-quality, easily digestible feed is essential, especially in the first 10–15 days. Adding small amounts of rice or cereal grains helps support their growth and prepares them for grazing in the fields.

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