Bailing Mushroom Artificial Control Short Breeding Cultivation Technique

Pleurotus is a low to medium temperature mushroom species that is highly sensitive to environmental conditions. While its mycelium can survive in a wide temperature range—between 4°C and 37°C—the optimal growth temperature for the fruiting body is between 23°C and 28°C. During the maturation phase of the mycelium, the ideal temperature should be maintained between 5°C and 30°C, while the fruiting stage requires a cooler environment, typically between 0°C and 25°C. Notably, during the early stages of growth, the bud development occurs best at temperatures ranging from 8°C to 13°C, and young mushrooms thrive at around 15°C. This indicates that the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus nebrodensis require a gradual shift from cooler to warmer conditions for optimal growth. Another distinguishing feature of Bailing mushroom (Pleurotus negundo bacillus) is the long post-maturation period required for the mycelium to reach physiological maturity. Unlike oyster mushrooms, which can be directly induced to fruit after full colonization, Bailing mushrooms need an extended maturation phase before they can produce fruiting bodies. This process usually takes about 60 days, with some strains requiring up to 80 days. Such a long cycle significantly increases production time and reduces overall efficiency. To address this, modern cultivation techniques focus on controlling the temperature during the maturation phase to shorten the ripening period and promote consistent fruiting. The method involves first raising the temperature to 30°C for about 10 days to encourage full hyphal development, followed by a cooling period of 0°C to 10°C for 15 days. This cold shock helps the mycelium enter a dormant state, accelerating the transition into reproductive growth. Most strains can complete this process in one temperature cycle, though some may require two cycles for successful fruiting. When the mushroom substrate becomes uniformly white, emits a hollow sound when tapped, and feels firm with high elasticity, it is ready to be moved out of the cold room and placed in a plastic greenhouse. At this point, the greenhouse temperature should be increased, humidity raised, and light exposure provided to stimulate fruiting. Within about seven days, yellow bacterial spots may appear on the inoculation block. After this, the temperature should be gradually reduced to encourage the formation of mushroom buds. Throughout this period, the temperature should remain below 15°C, and the area should be covered to maintain moisture. Ventilation should be increased in the morning and evening, and the ground should be watered regularly while misting the air to maintain high humidity. Only under these conditions can mushroom buds develop quickly and uniformly. Typically, each fruiting surface can produce 1 to 3 mushroom buds. However, before the buds fully differentiate, it's recommended to remove all but one to ensure better growth and higher quality. This practice helps concentrate the plant’s energy on a single, well-developed fruiting body.

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