Cow's efficient palm cultivation "five notes"

One of the key issues in dairy cattle management is the premature mating of heifers. Many farmers start breeding female cows before they reach the ideal weight, which should be between 350 to 400 kg—about 10 to 11 times the weight of a calf. However, some farmers begin mating at just 250 to 300 kg when the cow is only 18 months old. This can lead to difficult calving, requiring artificial assistance, which often results in vaginal tears and uterine infections like endometritis. These complications can negatively affect future reproductive performance. Therefore, it's crucial for farmers to avoid impatience and focus on proper feeding and management to ensure heifers reach the optimal weight before breeding. Secondly, managing the lactation period properly is essential. The standard lactation period is 305 days, but this can vary depending on factors like age, parity, milk yield, and feeding levels. Some farmers over-milk cows until they are completely dry, which has serious consequences. Over-milking depletes the cow’s nutrients, leading to poor estrus cycles and difficulty in identifying breeding windows. It also causes physical exhaustion, making it harder for the cow to recover and reducing milk production in the next lactation cycle. During the dry period, it's important not to reduce feed intake unnecessarily. Cows lose significant nutrients during pregnancy and need proper nutrition to support both their own health and the upcoming calving. Some farmers mistakenly believe that since the cow isn't being milked, they don’t need as much feed. This leads to poor body condition before calving, resulting in weak births and lower milk yields. The dry period must still provide adequate protein, minerals, and vitamins. A slight reduction in concentrate feed a few days before calving can help ease the birthing process. Another common mistake is how calves are raised. Many farmers tie newborn calves with ropes, restricting their movement and hindering their growth. This practice is harmful and limits the calf’s development. Instead, calves should be allowed to move freely and be fed regularly by the breeder. Proper calf management improves the mother’s milk production and overall herd health. Lastly, improper handling methods such as using ropes or neck ties for herding can cause discomfort and even injury to the cattle. Some farmers use rope-based systems to control cows, especially in tight spaces. However, these methods are inefficient and can damage the skin. A better approach is to use a tethering system where the cow is tied to a fixed point near the feeding trough. After eating, the chain is released, allowing the cow to move freely while ensuring controlled feeding and easier management.

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