Huang Hao's incubation environment and incubation management

The hatching success of fertilized seeds in *Astragalus membranaceus* is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and the presence of predators. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing seed germination and ensuring healthy plant development. First, **water temperature** plays a critical role in embryonic development. The process requires a specific thermal range to proceed properly. If the temperature is too high or too low, it can lead to reduced hatching rates or malformed embryos. Research has shown that the ideal water temperature for *Astragalus membranaceus* embryos is between 24°C and 26°C, with a broader suitable range of 21°C to 28°C. Additionally, rapid or large fluctuations in temperature—especially more than 3°C within a short period—can be harmful, causing developmental issues or even embryo death. It's recommended that temperature changes remain below 1°C for optimal results. The development time also varies with temperature: at around 30°C, the entire process takes about 5 to 7 days, while at 25°C, it may take 9 to 11 days. Second, **dissolved oxygen** is essential for the survival of developing embryos. Unlike some aquatic organisms, *Astragalus membranaceus* embryos cannot absorb oxygen from the air and rely entirely on dissolved oxygen in the water. Low oxygen levels can cause delayed development, stagnation, or even suffocation. Studies have shown that at 24°C, the oxygen consumption rate of 100 embryos during different stages ranges from 0.29 mg (cell division) to 0.53 mg (gastrula stage), which is significantly higher than that of common fish species like the "Four Home Fishes." Therefore, maintaining near-saturation levels of dissolved oxygen in the incubation water is vital for successful hatching. Third, **water quality** has a major impact on hatching success. Contaminated or pesticide-laden water should never be used for incubation. It’s best to use clean, filtered water from a reservoir or pond, and ensure it is free from pollutants and harmful microorganisms. Maintaining a neutral pH is also important for supporting healthy embryonic growth. Lastly, **predator control** is essential, especially when raising organisms artificially. Larger predators such as cockroaches, small fish, or shrimp can be easily removed, but smaller threats like leeches are often overlooked. These tiny organisms can pose a serious risk to eggs and larvae, using their appendages to pierce egg membranes or bite young organisms, leading to their death. To prevent this, hatchery water should be filtered before use, and filters should be installed at the water inlet to block potential invaders. By carefully managing these environmental factors, growers can significantly improve the hatching rate and overall health of *Astragalus membranaceus* embryos.

Female Health Care Material

Anthocyanin;Grape seed extract;Astaxanthin;Polyphenol

Shaanxi Zhongyi Kangjian Biotechnology Co.,Ltd , https://www.zhongyiherbs.com