Low temperature hazard cherry

Big cherries are fruit trees that are not highly cold-tolerant, making them suitable for cultivation in regions with an annual average temperature ranging from 10 to 12 degrees Celsius. Abnormal temperatures refer to extreme heat or cold that go beyond the typical range that big cherries can handle. Normally, high temperatures cause less damage compared to low temperatures, which can be more harmful to cherry trees. Cold damage can be categorized into two main types based on timing and impact: winter frost damage and flower frost. Winter frost occurs when temperatures drop below the tree's tolerance level during the dormant season, while flower frost happens during the flowering stage, which is particularly critical for fruit production. Winter frost damage varies in severity. Light frost injury may affect flower buds, causing them to freeze and die. Severe frost can damage the upper branches of the tree crown, leading to their death. In the most extreme cases, major branches and the trunk can freeze, resulting in the entire tree dying. The critical temperature for winter frost damage is generally lower than 20°C. However, even at 18°C, significant damage to large branches can occur. When temperatures drop as low as -25.2°C, many trees may die en masse. Additionally, sudden temperature drops tend to cause more severe damage than gradual cooling. Different cherry species have varying levels of cold hardiness. Sour cherries are more resilient to cold, experiencing less damage under the same low-temperature conditions, while sweet cherries are more sensitive and suffer more severe frost injuries. Within the same species, tree health also plays a role. Stronger trees with better nutrient reserves tend to experience less cold damage, whereas weaker trees with limited resources are more vulnerable to frost. Flower frost is considered the most damaging type of low-temperature stress for cherries. The critical temperature for frost during flowering depends on the phenological stage. As the flowering process progresses, the tree's ability to withstand cold decreases. During the bud coloring stage, temperatures between -5.5°C and -1.7°C can cause damage. During flowering and early fruit development, temperatures between -2.8°C and -1.1°C can lead to freezing. Mild frost may only slightly harm flowers and young fruits, but severe frost can result in total crop loss.

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