Apricot Fertilization Technology

Fertilizer properties 1. Base fertilizers include manure, compost, and green manure. These organic materials are rich in organic matter, humus, and essential nutrients and micronutrients required by fruit trees. To be effectively utilized by the trees, organic fertilizers must undergo microbial decomposition. The benefits of organic fertilizers include comprehensive nutrition, high nutrient content, slow release of nutrients, and long-lasting effects. They serve as the foundation for the overall growth and development of fruit trees. 2. Fertilizers can be categorized into nitrogen-based, phosphate-based, potash-based, and micronutrient fertilizers based on their nutrient composition. Chemical fertilizers are typically single-nutrient products with high concentration and quick-acting effects. They are used to supplement specific nutrient needs at different growth stages of fruit trees, complementing the use of base fertilizers. Second, Fertilization Timing 1. Basal Fertilizer: This is the main fertilizer applied once a year to support the growth of fruit trees. It usually contains slow-release materials such as manure, compost, oil cakes, and human waste. A small amount of available nitrogen fertilizer may also be mixed in to enhance its effectiveness. Superphosphate and bone meal are often applied directly to the soil but tend to bind with calcium and iron, making them less available to apricot trees. To maximize their benefits, these should be combined with organic materials like compost or manure and applied as basal fertilizer. Once applied, they provide a steady supply of nutrients over time, helping the tree recover after flowering and fruiting, and preparing it for the next season's production. The best time to apply basal fertilizer is in autumn, ideally between September and October, when soil temperatures are still warm. This allows for quicker root recovery and new root development, ensuring efficient nutrient uptake through microbial activity. This process helps increase carbohydrate and protein storage in the tree, supporting flower bud formation and future growth. However, this practice has little impact on vigorous trees that already store sufficient nutrients. 2. Top-dressing: This method is crucial for promoting strong, high-yield, and high-quality growth in the current season while setting the stage for the next year’s results. The frequency and timing of top-dressing depend on factors like climate, soil type, and tree age. In hot, rainy, or sandy soils, where nutrients are easily lost, frequent applications are not recommended. Young trees require fewer top-dressings, while older trees need more as their fruiting increases and growth slows down. This helps balance the competition between growth and fruiting. Top-dressing should be done during key developmental stages when the tree needs more nutrients. After spring thaw, applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers helps replenish stored nutrients, ensuring uniform flowering, good pollination, and higher fruit set. Post-flowering, a mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended to support fruit development and shoot growth. Insufficient nitrogen at this stage can lead to fruit drop and poor leaf development. 3. Flower Bud Differentiation Fertilizer: Also known as hard core fertilizer, it is applied before flower buds begin to form or during the hard nucleus stage. It mainly consists of fast-acting nitrogen along with phosphorus and potassium. Its purpose is to support the growth of young fruits and shoots, promote flower bud differentiation, and enhance fruit size, especially for early varieties. Lack of nutrients at this stage can lead to underdeveloped nuclei and embryos, which negatively affects both flower buds and fruit growth. 4. Berry Fruit Fertilizer: Applied 15–20 days before harvest, this fertilizer primarily uses fast-acting potash to boost fruit expansion in mid-to-late maturing varieties, improve yield, and increase sugar content. 5. Post-harvest Fertilizer: Applied after harvesting, it mainly includes nitrogen, with some phosphorus and potash. This is particularly useful for late-maturing varieties that experience nutrient depletion and weakened trees. It helps restore tree vigor, replenish nutrients, and improve cold resistance for better performance the following season. Third, Fertilization Methods 1. Ring Trench Method: Dig an annular trench about 40 cm wide and 50–60 cm deep, 20–30 cm outside the canopy. Mix organic fertilizer with topsoil in a 1:3 ratio and add a small amount of chemical fertilizer. 2. Trench Application: For trees planted in rows, dig trenches 40 cm wide, 50–60 cm deep, and 100–200 cm long along the outer edges of the tree rows. Apply a mixture of organic fertilizer, topsoil, and a small amount of compound fertilizer evenly.

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