Apricot Fertilization Technology

Fertilizer properties 1. Base fertilizers include manure, compost, and green manure. These organic materials are rich in organic matter, humus, and essential nutrients and trace elements that fruit trees need to thrive. To be effectively utilized by the plants, organic fertilizers must undergo microbial fermentation, breaking down into forms that can be absorbed. The benefits of organic fertilizers include providing balanced nutrition, a wide range of nutrients, slow release, and long-lasting effects. They serve as the foundation for healthy growth and development of fruit trees. 2. Fertilizers can also be classified based on their nutrient content: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrient fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are typically concentrated, offer quick nutrient availability, and are used to supplement specific nutrient needs at different stages of tree growth. They work alongside base fertilizers to ensure optimal performance throughout the growing season. Fertilization Period 1. Basal fertilizer is the main source of nutrients for fruit trees during the year. It usually consists of slow-release materials like manure, compost, oil cakes, and human waste. Sometimes, it is mixed with a small amount of available nitrogen to speed up nutrient uptake. Superphosphate and bone meal are often applied directly to the soil but may bind with calcium or iron, making them less accessible to apricot trees. To maximize efficiency, these should be combined with organic materials like compost or manure. Once applied, basal fertilizer provides a steady supply of nutrients over time, helping the tree recover after flowering and fruiting, and preparing it for the next season’s growth. Applying basal fertilizer in autumn, preferably between September and October, allows roots to heal quickly in warm soil, promoting new root development and better nutrient absorption. This helps increase carbohydrate and protein storage, which supports flower bud formation and overall tree health. However, this practice has limited impact on vigorous trees with high nutrient reserves. 2. Top-dressing is an important technique to boost growth, yield, and quality in the current season and prepare for the next. The timing and frequency depend on factors like climate, soil type, and tree age. In hot, rainy, or sandy soils, frequent applications may lead to nutrient loss, so fewer but more targeted top-dressings are recommended. Younger trees require less frequent feeding, while older trees with higher yields need more to balance growth and fruit production. Top-dressing should be done when the tree is most in need—such as after spring thaw, when nitrogen is crucial for uniform flowering and pollination. After flowering, a mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium helps replenish nutrients used during blooming, supports fruit set, and promotes new shoot growth. 3. Flower bud differentiation fertilizer, also known as hard core fertilizer, is applied before or during the hardening of the seed. It mainly contains fast-acting nitrogen along with phosphorus and potassium. This helps support fruit development and flower bud formation, especially in early varieties. Insufficient nutrients at this stage can lead to poor seed and embryo development, affecting fruit growth and future flowering. 4. Berry fruit fertilizer is applied 15–20 days before harvest, focusing on potassium to enhance fruit size and sweetness, particularly in mid-to-late maturing varieties. 5. Post-harvest fertilizer is applied after fruit collection, mainly using nitrogen with some phosphorus and potassium. This helps restore tree vitality, replenish nutrients lost due to heavy fruiting, and improve winter hardiness for the next season. Fertilization Methods 1. The ring groove method involves digging a 40 cm wide and 50–60 cm deep trench around the tree canopy, about 20–30 cm from the edge. Organic fertilizer is mixed with topsoil in a 1:3 ratio, with a small amount of chemical fertilizer added for extra nutrition. 2. Trench fertilization is used in rows, where trenches are dug 40 cm wide and 50–60 cm deep, extending 100–200 cm in length. Organic material, topsoil, and a small amount of compound fertilizer are evenly distributed in the trench.

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