How to keep good fishes in summer

Summer is the peak season when water temperatures are highest, and fish grow at their fastest rate. Proper feeding and management during this time are crucial to ensuring high fish yields in aquaculture. Effective practices can significantly improve productivity and fish health. First, it's important to manage fertilization carefully. Fertilizing helps improve water quality and stimulate the growth of natural feed, which supports fish nutrition. Fish ponds, especially those focused on whitefish, should be fertilized with care. Due to the high summer temperatures, organic matter breaks down quickly, leading to rapid plankton growth and increased oxygen consumption by fish. Water conditions can become unstable, so it's best to apply fertilizer in small amounts regularly rather than in large quantities. The amount of fertilizer depends on weather conditions, water color, and the type of fish. On sunny days, you can fertilize as needed, but avoid doing so on rainy or extremely hot days. If the water appears light yellow or green with good clarity, there's no need for much fertilizer. However, if the water turns brownish green or oil green with low transparency, reduce or stop fertilization. Ponds that mainly feed on worms or insects may require more frequent fertilization, while those with carp or grass carp should be fertilized less often. Avoid applying fertilizer directly near feeding areas to prevent waste. Second, feeding schedules must be adjusted. From July to September, about 60% of the annual feed should be given. Feed the fish three times a day—more in the morning and evening, and less at noon. Combine fresh green materials in the morning, concentrated feeds in the middle, and more green material in the evening. Always ensure the feed is fresh and not spoiled. Feeding should take place at a fixed location, and avoid overfeeding, especially during hot or rainy days when fish may float due to low oxygen levels. Third, regular pond monitoring is essential. Check the water color and fish activity daily to detect any abnormalities early. Prompt action can help prevent diseases. Remove leftover food and debris regularly, and clear weeds from the pond to maintain clean water and sufficient dissolved oxygen. Fourth, water quality improvement is key. Regularly add new water to replace what has evaporated or been used. Aim to add 5–10 cm of water every 2–3 days to prevent fish from floating due to oxygen depletion. Adding water at night under normal weather conditions can increase oxygen levels and improve overall water quality. When adding water, use a wooden board to slow the flow and prevent disturbing the bottom sediment, which helps maintain a stable environment. Fifth, oxygenation and flood prevention are critical. If fish are at risk of floating due to low oxygen, use a pump or aerator to increase oxygen levels. Stop fertilizing and reduce feeding to minimize oxygen demand. If no equipment is available, you can add a mixture of yellow mud and salt—about 10 kg of mud and 10 kg of salt per 667 square meters—to help stabilize the water. Aerator use should be timed: turn it on at noon on sunny days, in the early morning on cloudy days, and in the middle of the night on rainy days. Avoid using it in the evening. Lastly, disease prevention is vital. Every 15 days, treat the edges of the pond and feeding areas with 250–300 grams of bleach and 125 grams of ferrous sulfate per 667 square meters. This helps prevent bacterial infections. Feed garlic twice a month—mix 10 grams of chopped garlic with 500 grams of bait and feed it for 3–5 days to prevent diseases like enteritis. Every 20–30 days, apply lime (15–20 kg per 667 square meters) dissolved in water to maintain a healthy pond environment. By following these practices, fish farmers can maximize production and ensure the well-being of their fish throughout the summer months.

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