Straw returning technology (1)

Straw returning to the field is a major measure for improving farmland ecological environment, developing sustainable agriculture and dry farming in the world today; it is an important part of cost-saving and efficiency-improving agriculture, and an effective means to promote the development of green food. The province's annual crop straw resources amount to 100 million tons, equivalent to 50 million tons of dry straw. Its nutrient is equivalent to more than 300,000 tons of urea, more than 500,000 tons of superphosphate, and more than 500,000 tons of potassium sulfate. Three years of straw returning can increase soil organic matter by 0.2-0.4% and increase production by 5-15%. First, what are the benefits of returning straw? First, returning straw can increase soil organic matter and improve soil fertility. The composition of crop stalks is mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and a certain amount of lignin, protein and sugar. These substances are fermented, decomposed, and decomposed into organic matter, an important component of the soil. Organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility. Because soil organic matter is not only the source of major and minor nutrient elements in plants, it also determines soil structure, soil ploughability, soil replacement, and soil buffering, as well as soil erosion control, increased water permeability, and improved water use efficiency. All aspects have an important role. In other words, the higher the soil organic matter content, the more fertile the soil, the better the ploughability, the more prolonged the high yield performance. Straw returning is the most effective measure to increase soil organic matter. The data obtained from the state-owned farms in the Heilongjiang Reclamation Area indicate that due to the long-term continuous return of straw, soil organic matter continues to decline, and there is a clear trend of gradual recovery, with an average annual increase of 0.02%-0.04%. In particular, the number of bacteria in the soil after wheat straw returning has increased 16-fold; fiber-decomposing bacteria have increased 8.5-fold; actinomycetes have increased 3.6-fold; fungi have increased 2.7-fold. The increase in the number of microorganisms and the increase in activity have accelerated the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter and enhanced the soil fertility. Second, improve the physical properties of the soil and make the soil more ploughed. The soil porosity increased after straw returning, generally increased by 4%; the bulk density decreased by 0.04-0.11 g/cm3; the 1-3 mm aggregate structure increased by 5.8%; and the soil moisture increased by 1.1%-3.9%. As the physical properties of the soil have been improved, soil water, fertilizer, gas, and heat have been well coordinated, water seepage has been enhanced, soil conservation performance has increased, and the ability to resist drought and flood has been greatly improved. The masses concluded that "after the straw is returned to the field, the soil is loose and the water is strong, and the shovel is handy." Third, increase production and reduce costs. According to the survey, the first crop after straw returning has an average yield increase of 5%-10%. After the second season, the average crop increase by 5%. According to tests conducted by agricultural scientific research units, applying chemical fertilizers on plots of straw returning to fields can give full play to the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizers, increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate by 15%-20%, and increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by about 30%.

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