Straw returning technology (7)

7. How to determine the amount of nitrogen adjustment and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer in the practice of returning straw to the field 1. Method of determining the amount of nitrogen adjustment (1) During the returning season in the high-cold area, the wheat straw is returned to the soil and there are 2-3 In the effective decomposition time of a month, the C/N ratio of straw will drop rapidly, and when the seedlings are made the following year, the C/N ratio is much smaller than the original ratio of fresh wheat straw. Therefore, a small amount (about less than 1%) of nitrogen fertilizer is applied during field operation, which is mainly used to accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw, and then the normal amount of nitrogen is used as a seed fertilizer after sowing; if the corn straw or soybean stalks are harvested in the late autumn crop stalk Returning field, generally need to calculate the nitrogen adjustment according to the theoretical value of nitrogen balance (supplementary nitrogen kg/ha = returning straw amount (1.7% ? straw nitrogen content%); if the wheat after replanting green fertilizer, especially non-legume green fertilizer also need to The nitrogen balance was calculated according to the nitrogen balance theory.(2) The depth of stalks entering the depth of different soil layers was different at the time of decomposition, which was more obvious under the low temperature conditions in the north.This discrimination was in the clay soil than in the sandy soil. It is also more obvious, such as wheat straw returning on the white soil in eastern Heilongjiang on August 10, a method of turning over 20 centimeters and a method of shallow centipede 10 centimeters, which was investigated on November 10 of that year. The rate is 21% for the former and 48.5% for the latter, which indicates that the C/N ratio of the residual wheat straw has dropped to about 4/5 and 1/2 of the original ratio, respectively, assuming that the original wheat straw has a nitrogen content of 0.5%. The nitrogen content of residual wheat straw has risen to 0.1% and 1.0% respectively Therefore, in the second year of spring sowing of crops, nitrogen with a nitrogen content of 1.7% of straw should be used as a seed fertilizer.(3) Nitrogen adjustment in paddy fields Because the straw returned to the field is under good conditions in both dry and paddy fields. Under the predominant conditions of anaerobic decomposition, the critical nitrogen content of soil nitrogen is different. A large number of tests have shown that the critical nitrogen content of nitrogen fixation is approximately aerobic decomposition under decomposition of plant residues under flooding conditions. About 1/3, that is, nitrogen content is 0.54%, such as wheat straw and rice straw containing about 0.5%, about 0.55% of nitrogen, they immediately planted rice after returning, do not have to worry about the phenomenon of nitrogen deficiency during rice growth. In the high-cold areas of northern China, when the crop rotation is implemented, the straw does not generally transfer nitrogen and does not produce significant nitrogen deficiency in the post-cropping rice. However, in the northern high-cold areas, the soil temperature is low in the spring and autumn, in order to accelerate the return of straw. The decomposing, improving the effect of returning to the past year, and as an economic fertilization method in paddy fields, it is recommended to apply fertilization in the field operation. When adjusting the C/N ratio when the straw is returned to the field, there is a selection of nitrogen fertilizer varieties. The experiment shows that regardless of the dry field or Paddy field for straw In Tianshi, it is better to choose ammonium nitrogen or urea nitrogen fertilizer, and the best application position is directly applied to the organic residues of straw, therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer solution can be sprayed on the surface of the straw that has been scattered on the surface and then returned. In Tianhou's mechanical operation, taking into account the uneven distribution of nitrogen and returning straw in the soil, which may affect the normal growth of the post-cultivation seedlings, part of the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied as a seed fertilizer.

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