Small and medium-sized broiler farm environment control

A district environment management

1 Architectural layout

The guarantee for the success of modern small and medium sized broiler farms lies in the environmental control and automation of advanced equipment, such as heating systems, ventilation and cooling systems, humidification systems, feed systems, water supply systems, feed systems, power supply systems, and online aquaculture; ancillary facilities Such as toilets, showers, dormitories, restaurants, warehouses, offices, veterinary rooms, laboratories, garages, sewage treatment tanks, manure fermentation processing tanks, dead chicken incinerators, fish ponds, etc., must be in strict accordance with the location requirements for reasonable distribution .

(1) Location Division

The construction facilities are arranged according to the three functional areas of the life and management area, production area and isolation area. Each functional area has distinct boundaries and is easily accessible. The choice of living areas and management areas is in the dominant wind direction or crosswind direction and high landforms in the year-round. The isolation area is built in the downwind or crosswind directions and low-lying areas where perennial winds dominate. Keep the distance more than 50 meters.

The living and management area includes the staff’s living facilities, office facilities, and ancillary production facilities (feed warehouses, garages, etc.) that are in close contact with the outside world; the production area mainly includes chicken houses and related production support facilities; the quarantine area includes a veterinary room, Diseased chickens were burned, stored in feces and sewage pools.

There are entrance gates in the living area and production channels in the production area. A gatehouse and a disinfecting pool shall be provided at the gate of the site area, equipped with sterilizers and eye-catching warning signs. The sterilizing room shall be provided with ultraviolet light, disinfectant sprayer and rubber boots. The disinfectant pool shall have a proper depth and long-term disinfectant water; Warning signs must be hung on the entrance gate or in striking positions on both sides of the gate for a long period of time. All vehicles, articles and personnel entering the field must be permitted and strictly sterilized before entering. The production area and the living area must be partitioned or the building is strictly branched. A dressing room, a disinfection room and a disinfection tank must be installed between the production area and the living area for personnel to enter and exit. The access between the production area and the living area must pass through the disinfection room. And stampede disinfecting pool; production channel for feed transportation vehicles, equipped with a disinfection pool, enter the vehicle must be strictly sterilized, prohibiting traffic.

(2) Road setting

The main road links in the interval are 5-6 meters wide intermediate roads, and the turning radius is not less than 8 meters. The width of feeder roads connected to chicken houses or facilities in the community is convenient for transportation. The roads in the stadium are divided into clean roads and sewage roads. The two are strictly separated and there must be no cross-over phenomenon. The production and sewage discharge all go its own way, and each walks its own way and must not be mixed. Sewage should be provided with bare shoulders and hardened to facilitate disinfection and flushing.

(3) Considering the fact that the fence is relatively large and has no practical significance, referring to foreign practices, modern broiler farms are advised not to use fences. Consider using prickly ash trees, hook chrysanthemums instead of fences. Of course, due to the constraints of local people, it is also necessary to set up a safe fence when constructing a modern farm in some places.

2 Facilities

(1) Water supply and drainage

The sewage generated from the underground underground pipe discharge is used in the site area, and the ditch is set to discharge rain and snow water. Sewage passages are sewers, and reasonable slopes should be set according to the topography to ensure the smooth discharge of sewage, ensure that the sewage does not flow out of the sewers and the sewage, and prevent the formation of water pollution sources that cannot be disinfected or incompletely disinfected.

The water supply and drainage in the management area shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations for industrial civil buildings.

(2) Power supply

The power load rating is three levels of power supply for civil buildings. The power supply capacity of the self-contained power supply is not less than one quarter of the total station power load.

(3) Greening of the area

The chicken farm shall be greened in the open area of ​​the farm area, and the green coverage rate shall be no less than 30%. Leisurely places such as living areas, coops, and production roads can be planted on both sides of trees, such as fast-growing poplars, plane trees, etc. It is not only an economical tree species, but also shelters wind and sand and improves local climate, and becomes a natural oxygen bar. Planted holly, small pine cypress, rose flowers, etc., and built neatly. Around the farm can be planted pepper, hook chrysanthemum, etc. instead of the wall.

Two henhouses are provided with a shelterbelt of about 10m at the proximal end (net road) of the hen house when conditions permit, especially in the summer, which is beneficial to air purification and air cooling; it is necessary to reserve 15 in the far end of the house (sewage). The protective forest belts around meters, otherwise the dusty air and dust drawn by the vertical ventilation will affect farmers' crops, vegetables and fruit trees, causing unnecessary disputes.

The greening of the living area is mainly flower trees, flowers, strawberries, grapes and so on. There will be a large area of ​​free space around the inner living area of ​​the chicken farm. It is possible to cultivate some seasonal vegetables and fruits. Self-sufficiency has not only improved the lives of employees, but also reduced the chance of contact and pollution between the chicken farm and the outside world.

(4) Environmental Protection in the Area

The new chicken farm must undergo environmental assessment to ensure that the chicken farm does not pollute the surrounding environment and the surrounding environment does not pollute the chicken farm environment.

Use production processes and equipment that reduce, harmless, and recycle pollutants. Chicken farm boilers should use high-efficiency, low-resistance, energy-saving, smoke-removing and dust-removing equipment.

The sewage treatment capacity is calculated and designed based on the construction site scale. The discharge standard after treatment of the sewage should meet the requirements of GB8978 or GB14554. Sewage sedimentation tank should be located far away from

Production areas, leewards, hidden areas, to prevent unnecessary pollution on the site.

Chicken manure should be treated centrally in the isolation area. Use dehydration drying or stacking fermentation facilities. The compost and excrement that are processed meet the requirements of GB7959 before being transported off site.

A dead crematorium is provided in the dead chicken processing area to burn dead chickens and vaccine-packed garbage.

For the places where earth is borrowed after the construction, the fish ponds will be constructed after treatment, and the fish will be planted and fished. At the same time, the effluent from the shed will be used for cleaning.

(5) On-site fire fighting

Economic, reasonable, safe and reliable fire-fighting measures shall be taken and implemented in accordance with the provisions of GBJ39. Fire roads can use on-site roads and should be able to communicate with off-site highways in emergency situations. Adopt water supply measures that combine production, living, and fire fighting.

The control of the environment of the second chicken house

1 Control of the outside environment of the chicken house

(1) Keep the surroundings of the house clean

Ensure that the surrounding environment outside the house is free of garbage, debris, weeds, no residual feathers, feces, dead chickens, etc.

(2) Waste is not discarded

Vaccine bottle after vaccination can not be randomly thrown indiscriminately, the remaining vaccine liquid can not be dumped in the house; after each vaccination, the entire bottle, including the bottle of vaccine liquid, should be soaked with disinfectant for half an hour. Then carry out the deep burial treatment in the grounds away from the chicken farm. Pay attention to cover with quicklime powder during the deep burial process. The empty medicine bags and empty medicine bottles left after the use of drugs can be treated as domestic garbage for centralized treatment, but care should be taken to check whether there are any remaining drug residues, especially drugs that are prone to poisoning, and do not be used by individual chickens. Feeding and causing poisoning.

(2) Ensure that the access roads for chicks, feed and feces are separated. Disinfect once a day. Disinfect with 3% Caustic soda and 0.1% quaternary ammonium disinfectant every week within 5m of the house. According to 1 kg disinfectant / square meter medication. Prevent cross-infection.

Dig pools should be excavated near the house, with a size of 7 million meters per 2,000 chickens. The position should be set at a downward wind of 30 meters from the house. Put the excrement that was removed daily into the pool and cover it with a plastic sheet to prevent the excrement from being exposed and fermenting.

In places where there are many chicken coops, where they are relatively concentrated, and where the scale is relatively large, it is necessary to prevent farmers from loosening livestock and poultry near the coops and inciting people to do a good job of isolation and prevent cross-infection.

2 The focus of the small environment inside the house

(1) Adjusting the air environment

Commercial broilers have a higher stocking density and produce a large amount of exhaust gas (carbon dioxide) and harmful gases (mainly ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, etc.) every day. In order to remove moisture, harmful gases and supplemental oxygen, and maintain a suitable temperature, it is necessary to enhance the ventilation of the house, reduce the odor and harmful gas concentration in the house, and improve the growth environment of the broiler. When the winter solstice is used for ventilation, the thief should be avoided. According to different geographical locations, different chicken house structures, different ages of chickens, and different body weights, different ventilation rates can be selected from the top down.

(2) Pay attention to epidemic prevention and disinfection

Regular disinfection can directly kill pathogens, reduce their number in the ring environment and the chance of infection, and reduce the incidence of broilers. After the onset of chickens, more attention should be paid to the disinfection of drug treatment can only kill pathogens in chickens, but the chicken in the breeding environment must rely on disinfection to minimize, to control the number of chickens outside the scope of the disease can cause .

(3) Improve chicken house facilities

The suitable growth temperature range of broiler is 13.5°C-24.5°C; when the phase humidity is higher than the previous brooding period, it is better to maintain 55%-60% for the rest of the period, and the weather is warm, and it is advisable to open the window and ventilate the air. Heat emission; Summer heatstroke to cool, hang wet curtains, install electric fans, air conditioning, so that the chicken house to maintain a certain temperature, humidity; sheds at the top of the house to prevent solar radiation heat, the sheds around the planting of grass, flowers, to reduce Radiant heat from the ground; cold weather in winter, bad weather, cold and hot inside.

(4) Control of stocking density

The density of the flock is too large, the litter is easy to be wet, and excretions are increased. In an environment with a warm temperature in the house, litter and excrement are easily fermented and deteriorated, producing harmful gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide, and resulting in a large amount of The proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms is more harmful to chickens. Therefore, according to chicken breeds, different growth stages, different seasons, a reasonable adjustment of flock density. The broilers generally raised on the net are 1 to 9 days old, 30 nets per square meter; 15 to 19 days old, 15; 8 to 10 days old after 20 days old.

(5) Implementing fence breeding

Broilers raised on the Internet must be fenced on the mesh surface. The fence can be made of nylon mesh or discarded plastic mesh. The height is equal to the height of the side net, usually 30-40 cm, with a fence for every 500-600 chickens.

The use of fenced rearing facilitates the observation of the health conditions of the regional flock and facilitates the elimination of sick and weak chicks. It also helps to control the oversized activities of the flock and promote weight gain. The small area fence is convenient for vaccination or medication. The condition is not good, it is easy to diagnose and group medication alone, reduce medication stress; reduce the phenomenon of artificially caused chickens get together, heat death, crushed and so on.

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