Cultivation and Fertilization Techniques in Spring Field
2025-07-11 13:12:04
Cultivating strong seedlings is essential for successful cabbage production. Cabbage includes common types such as green cabbage, savoy cabbage, and purple cabbage. For spring cultivation, it's important to select high-quality varieties that are early-maturing, disease-resistant, and cold-tolerant. Recommended varieties include 'Spring', 'Jinan No. 8', and 'Zhonggan No. 11'. Before sowing, seeds should be selected, disinfected, and pre-germinated. A suitable seedbed should be prepared using loose, fertile garden soil mixed with decomposed horse manure, peat, and compost. Here are three effective methods for preparing nutrient soil:
a. Mix 6 parts of composted material with 4 parts of fertile garden soil.
b. Combine 3 parts each of decomposed horse manure, decomposed peat, and fertile garden soil.
c. Use 5 parts of peat moss and 5 parts of fertile garden soil.
Once mixed and sieved, the nutrient soil should be sterilized before being placed in the nursery bed. After sowing, keep the soil moist to ensure good germination.
Strong seedlings should have 6–8 true leaves, thick stems, short internodes, thick and dark green leaves, a well-developed root system, and strong resistance. They should not go through vernalization too early and should grow quickly after transplanting.
To ensure successful formation of leaf balls in overwintered spring cabbage, the following steps are crucial:
a. Choose cold-tolerant varieties like 'Zhong Gan 11' or '83-98'. If using weak varieties, delay sowing.
b. Avoid sowing too early; allow seedlings to mature properly before winter. Ensure they don't exceed the vernalization threshold.
c. Adjust seedling care based on weather conditions—control growth during warm spells and remove weak or suspicious plants.
d. Focus on selecting pure and vigorous plants, collect seeds from spring-planted cabbages, and eliminate early-bolting plants regularly.
After the previous crop is harvested, clear weeds and plow the field to expose it to sunlight. Apply 30,000 to 75,000 kg/ha of composted organic fertilizer and 450–600 kg/ha of compound fertilizer 15 days before planting. Deep plowing, leveling, and timely planting are essential for healthy growth.
Fertilizer application should be done carefully. After planting, water the seedlings 2–3 times with slow-release water. Seven to ten days after transplanting, apply a thin fertilizer at 750–1050 kg/ha of manure. Fifteen to twenty days later, apply urea at 225 kg/ha. When leaves begin to close, water every 10–15 days. Main fertilizers should include decomposed manure, urine, and cake meal, with a small amount of compound fertilizer added. The top-dressing principle is to apply light amounts early and more concentrated doses later, with nitrogen used mainly in the early stages and phosphorus and potassium in the later stages. Each top-dressing should include about 15,000 kg/ha of human excrement and 300–600 kg/ha of three-component compound fertilizer to promote leaf ball formation.
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