Cultivation and Fertilization Techniques in Spring Field

Cultivating strong seedlings is essential for successful cabbage production. Common types include regular green cabbage, savoy cabbage, and purple cabbage. For spring cultivation, it's important to choose early-maturing, disease-resistant varieties with strong cold tolerance, such as 'Spring', 'Jinan No. 8', and 'Zhonggan No. 11'. After selecting and disinfecting the seeds, they should be germinated before sowing. The seedbed should be prepared using loose, fertile garden soil mixed with decomposed horse manure, peat, and compost. Here are some recommended nutrition soil mixtures: a. 6 parts composted material and 4 parts fertile garden soil b. 3 parts decomposed horse manure, 3 parts decomposed peat, and 3 parts fertile garden soil c. 5 parts peat moss and 5 parts fertile garden soil Once mixed and sieved, the nutrient soil should be sterilized and placed in a nursery bed. Water the soil after sowing. Strong seedlings should have 6 to 8 true leaves, thick stems, short internodes, deep green color, well-developed roots, and high resistance. To ensure successful head formation in spring cabbage, the following steps are crucial: a. Choose winter-hardy varieties like 'Zhong Gan 11' or '83-98'. If using weaker varieties, delay sowing. b. Avoid sowing too early; ensure seedlings reach a mature stage before winter. Seedlings must not grow too large during the vernalization period. c. Adjust seedling care based on weather changes—control growth when temperatures rise, and remove weak or suspicious plants. d. Select pure strains and collect seeds from spring-planted cabbages, regularly removing early bolting plants. For fertilization, apply composted organic fertilizer (30,000–75,000 kg/ha) and a balanced NPK compound fertilizer (450–600 kg/ha) 15 days before planting. Deep plow, level the field, and plant promptly. After planting, water the seedlings 2–3 times to help them establish. Seven to ten days later, apply a thin fertilizer with 750–1050 kg of manure per hectare. Fifteen to twenty days after transplanting, add urea at 225 kg/ha. When leaves begin to wrap, water every 10–15 days. Use decomposed manure, urine, and cake fertilizer as primary sources, with a small amount of compound fertilizer. Top-dressing should follow the principle of "light before heavy," with nitrogen-heavy fertilizers in the early stages and phosphorus and potassium added later. Apply top-dressing twice in the early to mid-growth period to promote head formation. Each application should include about 15,000 kg/ha of human manure and 300–600 kg/ha of three-component compound fertilizer.

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