Four main points of loach breeding techniques

Loaches are a highly nutritious fish species that are widely appreciated by consumers, making them a promising product in the market. Their adaptability to various water conditions makes them ideal for farming in ponds, rice fields, ditches, and even small pits like Tiantou pits. This flexibility offers great potential for rural development, serving as an effective way for farmers to boost their income. First, pond preparation is crucial. The pond should be located near a water source to ensure regular water exchange. The ideal size is between 200 to 400 square meters, with a maximum of one acre. The water depth should be around 40 to 50 centimeters, and the water should be slightly acidic to neutral. The pond bottom should be flat with minimal mud, and the walls must be compacted to prevent leaks or escape holes. A small fish collection pit (about 6 to 8 square meters) should be dug near the outlet to facilitate harvesting. Before stocking, the pond should be disinfected using quicklime and bleaching powder. Apply about 50 grams of quicklime per acre and 15 kilograms of bleaching powder dissolved in the water, with a depth of about 10 centimeters. This helps eliminate harmful pathogens and ensures a clean environment for the loach. Second, fry breeding requires careful attention. The fry should be stocked at a density of 40 to 50 per square meter, with uniform size to prevent smaller fish from being eaten. Fry size should be around 3 to 4 cm before transfer. Before placing them in the pond, they should be dipped in a solution of malachite green (8 mg/kg) for 5 minutes to prevent fungal infections. Third, feeding and management play a key role in successful loach farming. Loaches have a varied diet, including aquatic animals, plants, microorganisms, and organic debris. Before planting, apply base fertilizer such as livestock manure to promote the growth of natural food organisms. About 10 to 15 kg of organic fertilizer per square meter is recommended. In addition to natural food, artificial feed like rice bran, soybean cake, wheat bran, and distiller's grains can be used. Feed amounts should be around 4% to 5% of the fish’s body weight. When the water temperature is between 25°C and 28°C, loaches eat most actively, so feeding can be increased slightly to accelerate growth. Feeding should be done in the evening, and feeding trays should be set up for better control. During routine management, when the water temperature exceeds 30°C, loaches tend to burrow into the mud to escape heat, which can lead to suffocation due to low oxygen levels. At this time, it's essential to frequently add fresh water to regulate temperature and increase oxygen levels. Shade structures like water hyacinth or duckweed can also be introduced. Regular inspections of the pond are necessary to identify and address issues promptly. Fourth, there are two main fishing methods. The first is the flushing method, where a special fish net is placed near the water inlet. As water flows in, loaches gradually gather near the net, and the net is lifted quickly to capture them effectively. The second method involves using bait traps. Cooked wheat flour is placed in a bamboo cage, and the cage is positioned around the pond to lure loaches inside. This method works best at night, especially when the water temperature is between 25°C and 28°C.

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