Key Techniques for Increasing Fish Fertilizer Efficiency

Fertilizer fish farming is a technique that involves the application of chemical fertilizers to aquatic environments to enhance the growth of natural food sources for fish. This method works by enriching the water with essential nutrients, which in turn stimulates the growth of phytoplankton, aquatic plants, and other microorganisms that serve as food for various fish species. The primary goal is to create a balanced ecosystem where both filter-feeding and non-filter-feeding fish can thrive. One of the key features of fertilizer fish farming is its complex mechanism, which has a dual effect. Unlike traditional agriculture, where fertilizers are directly used as food, in aquaculture, fertilizers provide nutrients for the base of the food chain—such as green plants and phytoplankton. These organisms then become food for zooplankton, benthic animals, and eventually, the fish. However, if the fish population does not include enough plankton-eaters, the energy transfer becomes inefficient, leading to less effective results. Therefore, it's important to maintain a proper balance of species in the pond or lake. Another characteristic is the high nitrogen requirement. Phytoplankton, which is rich in protein, grows rapidly but needs high levels of nitrogen in the water. Studies show that during peak growth periods, the nitrogen concentration should be above 10 mg/l to achieve optimal results. Nitrogen plays a dominant role, while phosphorus is secondary. In most cases, potassium is not deficient, so it is rarely used as a fertilizer. Choosing the right type of fertilizer is crucial. Common nitrogen-based fertilizers include ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and urea. Ammonium chloride is stable, easy to store, and cost-effective. Ammonium bicarbonate provides both nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which supports photosynthesis. Urea, on the other hand, takes time to convert into usable forms, making it slower in action. Phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate are also commonly used to support the growth of aquatic life. The amount of fertilizer applied must be carefully managed. In the early stages of fertilization, about 5 grams of nitrogen per cubic meter is recommended. As the water becomes more productive, the frequency and quantity of fertilization decrease. Maintaining water clarity at around 20 cm helps ensure that the ecosystem remains balanced. During the process, several factors need attention. Water pH should be kept between 7.5 and 7.8 to maximize fertilizer efficiency. Calcium is also important for productivity, and lime is often added to adjust it. Fertilization timing matters too—applying fertilizers in the morning during sunny days ensures better absorption. In rainy conditions, timely application is necessary to prevent nutrient depletion and ensure continuous plankton growth. Fertilizing every five days is generally recommended to maintain optimal conditions for fish growth.

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