Prevention of Botrytis cinerea Must Be "Eight Changes"

Tomato gray mold is one of the most significant diseases affecting greenhouse tomato cultivation. The cold and humid conditions, especially during winter and spring, create an ideal environment for the pathogen *Botrytis cinerea* to thrive. Over the years, increasing resistance of the pathogen to conventional pesticides has made disease control more challenging. Based on experimental results and field demonstrations, traditional management practices need to be improved in eight key areas to achieve better overall control. First, removing petals and stigmas after pollination is crucial, as these are the initial infection sites for *B. cinerea*. As the disease progresses, infected petals fall onto leaves and can cause further spread. Timely removal of these parts helps prevent early infection. Second, high-temperature greenhouses can help regulate environmental conditions. In the morning, raise the temperature to 31–33°C, reaching up to 34°C by noon. Then, open vents to lower the temperature below 25°C in the afternoon and close them at 20°C. At night, maintain a temperature between 13–15°C. Watering should be done in the morning, followed by immediate closure of the greenhouse and ventilation at 33°C for one hour. Third, using Medicago-based sprays can help control the spread of the fungus. Apply a solution containing 10–25 mg/L anti-dropping agent with 0.1% deminoxifene. Spray when two to three flowers bloom on a cluster, and repeat the treatment when about 50% of the flowers have opened. Fourth, it's important to apply fungicides before watering. Watering can increase humidity and worsen disease, so spraying should be done the day before watering. Focus on flowers and young fruits where infection is most likely. Fifth, seedlings often have weakened resistance after transplanting. To strengthen their defenses, apply a protective spray one day before transplanting. Sixth, due to growing resistance, it's essential to alternate between new and old pesticides. Avoid overuse of long-standing products like 50% fast keratin or 50% fluocin. Instead, use newer options such as 25% puruflu, 28% gray mold grams, 50% chlorimurine, or Terek. Seventh, dusting instead of spraying can reduce humidity levels inside the greenhouse. Options include 10% extinction grams, 5% chlorothalonil, 10% chloramphenicol, or 10% gray mold. These can be applied in the evening. Eighth, in case of continuous rain or snow, smoke application is recommended. Use 10% fast keratin or 45% chlorothalonil, applying 250g per 667m² in the evening. By implementing these eight strategies, growers can significantly improve the management of tomato gray mold and reduce losses in greenhouse production.

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