Prevention of Botrytis cinerea Must Be "Eight Changes"

Tomato gray mold is one of the most significant diseases affecting greenhouse tomato production. The disease thrives in cold, humid conditions, which are common during winter and spring when indoor and outdoor climates are often mismatched. Over time, the increasing resistance of the pathogen has made traditional control methods less effective. Based on field trials and practical experience, it's clear that traditional approaches need to be updated in eight key areas to achieve better overall disease management. First, removing petals and stigmas is essential, as they serve as the initial infection sites for *Botrytis cinerea*. As the disease progresses, it spreads to young fruits. Fallen petals often land on leaves, leading to secondary infections. Removing these remnants after fruit setting can help prevent early infestation. Second, using high-temperature greenhouses helps regulate temperature and humidity, creating an environment more favorable for tomato growth and less suitable for gray mold. During the morning, raise the temperature to 31–33°C, reaching up to 34°C, then release heat at noon so the afternoon temperature drops below 25°C. Close vents when temperatures drop to 20°C. At night, maintain a temperature between 13–15°C. Water in the morning, close the greenhouse immediately after watering, and allow air circulation at 33°C for one hour. Third, applying Medicago-based sprays can enhance the spread of *Botrytis cinerea*, but targeted treatments with 10–25 mg/L anti-dropping agents and 0.1% deminoxifene can be effective. Spray once when two to three flowers open on a cluster, and again when about 50% of the flowers have bloomed. Fourth, avoid spraying after watering, as this can lead to severe disease outbreaks and fruit rot. Instead, spray the day before watering, focusing on flowers and young fruits. Fifth, seedlings may become weakened after transplanting, making them more vulnerable to infection. Apply a protective treatment one day before transplanting to boost plant resistance. Sixth, due to the development of resistance in long-used pesticides like 50% fast keratin and 50% fluocin, it's important to rotate with newer alternatives such as 25% puruflu, 28% gray mold grams, 50% chlorimurine, or Terek. Seventh, dusting instead of spraying helps reduce greenhouse humidity. Options include 10% extinction grams, 5% chlorothalonil, 10% chloramphenicol, or 10% gray mold, applied in the evening. Eighth, in cases of continuous rain or snow, use smoke fumigation. Apply 10% fast keratin or 45% chlorothalonil at a rate of 250g per 667m² in the evening. By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly improve their ability to manage tomato gray mold effectively and sustainably.

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