Cultivation Technique of Stropharia

Stropharia gigantea, commonly known as the giant oyster mushroom, is an excellent choice for small-scale or large-scale cultivation due to its unique advantages. One of the main benefits is the availability of easily accessible and low-cost raw materials. Farmers can use agricultural by-products such as straw, corn stalks, and wheat straw, which are abundant in rural areas. After the cultivation process, the leftover material becomes a valuable organic fertilizer, helping to enrich the soil and promote sustainable farming practices. The cultivation technique is simple and does not require complex equipment. Farmers can directly use straw without any additional machinery, making it ideal for beginners or those with limited resources. This simplicity increases the chances of successful growth and reduces the learning curve for new growers. In terms of economic returns, Stropharia gigantea offers high yield and low production costs. According to small-scale trials, the bioconversion rate can reach up to 100% to 200%. This means that for every 100 kilograms of dry straw, farmers can harvest between 100 to 200 kilograms of fresh mushrooms. With a market price of about 4 yuan per kilogram, this translates into a revenue of 400 to 800 yuan per 100 kilograms of straw, making it a highly profitable option. Another advantage is the mushroom's adaptability. It can grow in a wide temperature range, from 4°C to 30°C, allowing cultivation throughout most of the year except during the hottest summer months. Additionally, it has strong resistance to contamination and diseases, reducing the need for strict management and making it suitable for widespread adoption. Here’s a brief overview of the cultivation techniques: 1. **Site Selection**: Choose a sheltered, semi-shaded area with good drainage. Before planting, treat the ground with lime or spray dichlorvos to prevent pests and diseases. 2. **Soil Preparation**: Create raised beds with a height of 10–15 cm and a width of 80–100 cm. This helps with drainage and ensures proper air circulation. 3. **Raw Material Processing**: Cut the straw into 2–3 cm pieces and soak them in a 1% lime water solution for 2–3 days. After soaking, rinse the straw thoroughly until water droplets remain between your fingers. 4. **Heap Building and Inoculation**: Pile the straw into layers 20–25 cm thick, then press it down firmly. For each square meter, use one bag of spawn and inoculate in two layers using the on-demand method. Cover the pile with a layer of straw or other covering material to maintain moisture. 5. **Shucking and Soil Covering**: Monitor the moisture levels regularly. If the substrate dries out, mist it lightly. For pest control, apply dichlorvos when necessary. Once the mycelium fully colonizes the substrate, cover it with a 2–3 cm layer of shiitake mushroom soil. 6. **Harvesting**: Harvest the mushrooms just before the veil breaks and the cap begins to flatten. Pick the entire cluster at once. You can expect 3–5 harvests, with intervals of 15–25 days between each wave. Each harvest typically weighs between 100–200 grams. This comprehensive guide makes it easy for farmers to start cultivating Stropharia gigantea and enjoy both environmental and economic benefits.

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