Wheat mid-late field management technology

Experts suggest that achieving a good harvest this year is crucial, but several uncertainties remain. First, the risk of late spring frost persists. Before the end of April, cold waves can hit, and at this stage, wheat has already started jointing. If a sudden cold spell occurs, the young wheat ears are vulnerable to freezing, which could lead to significant yield loss. Second, rainfall plays a key role. Adequate rain in mid to late April in northern wheat areas can boost the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight, contributing to higher yields. This factor becomes even more critical as the growing season progresses. Third, pests and diseases remain a major concern. Wheat stripe rust, red spider mites, and midge infestations have already begun and may re-emerge. There's also a risk of overlapping disease outbreaks, such as head blight, powdery mildew, and nematodes, which could threaten production if not controlled effectively. Fourth, dry hot winds are unpredictable and can occur during the later stages of wheat growth. If they strike, they can cause desiccation, high-temperature ripening, and a drop in grain weight, all of which negatively impact yield. Fifth, lodging remains a potential problem. Due to previous drought conditions, many wheat plants have fewer secondary roots and shallow root systems. When heavy rains come after applying quick-acting fertilizers, the risk of lodging increases. Lastly, bad weather, such as heavy rain or hail, can reduce seed germination rates, lowering both yield and quality. Currently, there are about 50 days left until large-scale wheat harvesting, making this a critical period for wheat production. Local authorities must manage field conditions carefully based on weather, soil, and plant health. First, managing the jointing stage is essential. In the north, fields with weak or sparse plants should be watered and fertilized early to increase tiller and spike numbers. Fields with dense growth and rich soil can delay top-dressing. Second, frost prevention is important. Watering before a cold snap can increase air moisture and release heat when condensation occurs. It also improves soil moisture and thermal conductivity. After a frost event, applying nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation can help promote regrowth and reduce damage. Third, proper irrigation during flowering and grain filling is necessary to meet the crop’s needs. However, excessive moisture before maturity can harm root function, so watering should stop 10 days before harvest. Fourth, pest and disease control must be prioritized. Focus on sheath blight, stripe rust, head blight, and insect pests like midge and maggots. Strengthen monitoring, forecast accurately, and act quickly to prevent outbreaks. Lastly, implement the "one spray and three defenses" strategy. For underperforming fields, apply a 1–2% urea solution during heading and flowering. For healthy crops, use a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during pest control to improve carbohydrate metabolism and increase grain weight. These measures are vital for ensuring a successful harvest.

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