Wheat mid-late field management technology

Experts suggest that achieving a good harvest this year remains a key goal, but several uncertainties still exist. First, the cold spring poses a risk. Before the end of April, late frost damage is common, and at this time, wheat has already started jointing. A sudden cold snap can freeze young wheat ears, leading to significant yield loss. Second, rainfall plays a crucial role. If there's sufficient rain in mid-to-late April in northern wheat regions, it can boost the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight, contributing to higher yields. This factor becomes increasingly important as the growing season progresses. Third, pests and diseases remain a concern. Wheat stripe rust, red spider mites, and midge pests are appearing earlier than usual, and the risk of overlapping disease outbreaks—such as head blight, powdery mildew, and nematodes—still exists later in the season. If not controlled effectively, these threats could severely impact production. Fourth, dry hot wind is unpredictable. If it occurs during the late growth stage, it can cause desiccation, high-temperature ripening, and a drop in 1000-grain weight, all of which negatively affect yield. Fifth, lodging is another risk. Due to previous drought conditions, wheat has fewer secondary roots and shallow root systems. When irrigation is applied, many farmers use quick-release fertilizers, which can lead to rapid internode elongation. If heavy rain or strong winds occur later, the risk of lodging increases significantly. Sixth, bad weather, such as heavy rain or hail, can lower seed germination rates, reducing both yield and quality. Currently, about 50 days remain until the large-scale wheat harvest, making it a critical period for wheat production. Local authorities must carefully manage field conditions based on weather, soil, and plant health. First, managing the jointing stage is essential. In northern regions, fields with weak stands should be watered and fertilized early to increase tiller and spike numbers. For fields with dense populations and rich soil, topdressing can be delayed. Second, frost prevention is crucial. Watering before a cold spell can increase surface humidity and release latent heat during condensation. It also improves soil moisture and thermal conductivity. After a frost event, applying nitrogen fertilizer and watering promptly helps promote early tillering and reduce damage. Third, proper irrigation during flowering and grain filling is vital. In northern areas, watering should be done according to crop needs, but irrigation should stop 10 days before maturity to avoid over-saturated soil. Fourth, pest and disease control must be prioritized. Focus on sheath blight, stripe rust, head blight, midge, and maggots. Strengthen monitoring, assess conditions, forecast accurately, and implement timely treatments. Finally, "one spray and three defenses" should be carried out. For underperforming fields, apply a 1-2% urea solution along with irrigation. For healthy fields, spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during pest control can enhance carbohydrate metabolism and improve grain weight.

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