Effect of Chemical Fertilizer on Grain Production
Professor Wang Xingren, Agricultural University: Fertilizer is not a pesticide. It provides nutrients to crops. It is no different from the effective nutrients released after the decomposition of organic fertilizers in chemical composition, and when crops are absorbed, they cannot distinguish whether these nutrients come from the soil. It still comes from fertilizers, organic fertilizers, or fertilizers. Therefore, whether it is organic fertilizer or fertilizer, as long as the nutrient mix is ​​reasonable, the appropriate amount can achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and environmental protection. That is to say, the negative effect of chemical fertilizer application on grain quality and environmental protection is the result of inappropriate chemical fertilizer application.
Q: How large is the effect of chemical fertilizer on food production?
Wang Xingren: The high yield of crops is related to various factors such as fertilization, irrigation and improved varieties. Among them, the contribution rate of chemical fertilizers to grain production is 50%, that is, 100 kg of grain per acre is increased, and about half is the result of applying chemical fertilizers. Under the current conditions in our country, 1 kg of fertilizer can increase grain production by an average of 7.5 kg. Not only that, because of the promotion of green plants, but also through the photosynthesis can be fixed net carbon dioxide 22 kg, 16 kg of net release of oxygen, increase organic nutrients 1 kg. This is a great contribution to curbing climate warming, improving air quality and improving soil fertility.
Q: Can pollution-free green vegetables use chemical fertilizers?
Wang Xingren: Pollution-free green vegetables refer to safe, high-quality, nutrient-rich vegetables that are produced in areas where the quality of the ecological environment conforms to standards, do not use harmful chemical synthetic substances, and are produced and processed in accordance with specific production practices. Its pursuit is high quality, safe, and high economic value. Therefore, chemical fertilizers can also be applied, but organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers are required to be applied in combination, and the application of nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers and superphosphate, which may contain harmful substances, and municipal waste, household garbage, Hospital excrement and so on. As for organic fertilizer, it is not a matter of choice. The more, the better. Scientific research shows that excessive application of organic fertilizer can also cause NO3 accumulation in vegetables and excessive nitrate in groundwater.
Q: Why are organic fertilizers not allowed in organic fruit trees and vegetables?
Wang Xingren: Fertilizer nutrient is relatively single, it must be very reasonable, and it is quite difficult for the majority of farmers. Therefore, for the highest grade AA food production, no fertilizer is required. This is not only a matter of production technology, but also a question of product quality and product reputation. It is recommended that farmers who produce AA grade food should comply with relevant regulations and not apply chemical fertilizers.
Q: What are the prospects for the development of organic agriculture?
Wang Xingren: Organic agriculture refers to agriculture that does not apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides at all and only depends on the recycling of organic substances to maintain the production process. A large number of scientific research and production practices in various countries have proved that, under the current production conditions, no chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be applied, and the production level will be reduced by at least 30% to 40%. (Sinochem Agricultural University Research Center)
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