Non-pollution Cauliflower Formula Fertilization Technology

As the main varieties of pollution-free vegetable production in recent years, broccoli production has attracted more and more attention. Improve the quality of cauliflower, comply with the strict requirements of market standardization on the quality of broccoli, prevent and control due to improper fertilization, resulting in excessive levels of nitrate, nitrite, cadmium, chromium and other heavy metals in cauliflower. In order to make high-quality, high-yield cauliflower, balanced formula fertilization, give full play to the economical and effective fertilizer effect, overcome the habitual fertilization caused by high and unsteady cauliflower production. The following describes the formula fertilization technique.
First, the principle of fertilization. The so-called broccoli formula fertilization technology is a scienti?cal quantification fertilization technique in the cauliflower cultivation, from the traditional experience fertilization method; according to the broccoli required fertilizer law, soil fertilizer performance and fertilizer effect, put forward organic fertilizer before sowing the crop, The reasonable ratio, amount and corresponding fertilization technology of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and various trace fertilizers.
1. Requirements for Fertilizer: Due to the long growth period, broccoli requires a large amount of nutrients. Nitrogen and potassium are the most needed. Pod formation requires more phosphorus. In addition, the demand for boron, magnesium, calcium, and molybdenum is also large. According to the study, for each 1,000 kilograms of flower balls produced, about 7.70-10.80 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 2.10-3.20 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 9.20-20 kilograms of potassium oxide are required. Before the emergence of buds, the absorption of nutrients was less, and the demand for nutrients after budding gradually increased. It was necessary to maximize the nutrients and absorb the nutrients at the peak of flower buds. Therefore, in the process of flower bud differentiation and flower bulb development, we must ensure adequate supply of phosphorus and potassium nutrition.
2. Requirements for soil: The soil grown by broccoli is rich in organic matter, and sandy loam and loam are the most suitable soils for its ability to retain water and fertility. The soil moisture requirement is 70%-80%, and the air relative humidity is 80-90%.
3. Fertilization techniques: 1 Base fertilizer: early maturing varieties have a short and rapid growth period and require high nutrient content in the early stage. Organic manure mainly consists of manure and manure, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers; middle and late-maturing varieties are dominated by compost and manure. With phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The dosage per acre is 1000-2000 kg for human and animal manure or 3000-5000 kg for manure and 20-25 kg for 45% compound fertilizer. 2 Top-dressing: seedling stage combined with watering for the first time to apply 15 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate, 20 days after the second top-dressing, apply rot or dried chicken manure 400-500 kg/mu and watering, bud diameter of 2-3 When the first 3 centimeters top dressing, apply 4-25 percent compound fertilizer 20-25 kg. In the later stage, depending on the specific conditions, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax were sprayed on the leaves.
Second, the principle of fertilization
1. Mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers: Single application of chemical fertilizer in broccoli field is higher than nitrate residue in organic fertilizer. Therefore, the pollution-free broccoli production fertilizer must be dominated by organic fertilizer, supplemented by mineral chemical fertilizers and trace element fertilizers, and vigorously strengthen formula fertilization.
2. Limited use of nitrogen fertilizers: Nitrogen fertilizers are used in cauliflower production and are necessary throughout the growing season. When the nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient, the plants grow lushly, the leaves are dark green and high in yield. If there is a lack of nitrogen fertilizer, the stems and leaves of the plants will be narrow and the color of the leaves will be yellow, and the yield and quality will be reduced. However, over-application of nitrogen fertilizer can also lead to a dramatic increase in nitrate content in the vegetables, which is prone to pests and diseases.
3. Implementation of balanced fertilization: In the cultivation of cauliflower, the different focus of the different sowing date broccoli on the needs of various elements, often nitrogen fertilizer for leaf fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer for fruit, potassium fertilizer as a root fertilizer, if you simply use a fertilizer, will Cauliflower grows badly as a whole.
4. Prohibit the immediate listing of broccoli after applying nitrogen fertilizer: After the last topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, cauliflower must have a safe interval until the product is harvested and listed. It should be listed on the 8th day after the last application of nitrogen fertilizer.
5. Vigorously promote top-dressing: Plants rely primarily on roots to absorb nutrients, and leaves and shoots can also directly absorb nutrients from solutions that are sprayed on their surfaces. It should be strongly advocated. Urea and superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as trace elements, are suitable as top-dressing fertilizers.
6. Determine the fertilization period based on the physiological characteristics of cauliflower. Cauliflower needs less nutrients at the seedling stage, and more nutrients are needed during vigorous growth and product formation. Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are generally used as basal fertilizers before broccoli sowing and planting. Available nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be top-dressed in the middle of broccoli growth. The frequency of topdressing can be determined based on the growth and development of broccoli. Usually, 1-2 times of fat are collected every 15-20 days.
Third, broccoli uses fertilizer types. In the production of non-polluting broccoli, the fertilizers allowed for cauliflower are basically divided into four categories:
1. Organic fertilizer: including human and animal manure, compost, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer, plant ash, slag, etc. Except for grass ash and slag, the rest should be thoroughly cooked before application. After high-temperature fermentation, organic manure can kill 100% of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli and can reduce the volume and weight by 1/2-1/3, which is convenient for field transportation.
2. Biological bacterial fertilizers: including humic acid fertilizers, rhizobia fertilizers, phosphorus bacteria fertilizers, compound microbial fertilizers and so on.
3. Inorganic fertilizers: such as ammonium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, etc., which do not contain chlorine, nitrate-free nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, and broccoli-specific fertilizers produced throughout the country.
4. Trace element fertilizer: that is, fertilizers based on copper, iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements.
The general principle of formula fertilization for broccoli is to determine the type, amount, number, and interval of topdressing according to the growth and development status of the cauliflower. This can not only harmonize the supply and demand of soil and crop nutrients, reduce the waste caused by blind nitrogen fertilizer, but also avoid phosphorus enrichment and excessive potassium consumption in the soil, which helps to maintain soil nutrient balance, and then improve soil fertility. Cauliflower production lays the foundation for sustainable development.

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