Carrot cultivation management method
1, species and sowing
(1) There are many varieties of carrots, and the main varieties used for fresh-keeping export and processing and export are hybrids such as Spring Asahi Five-inch, Asahi No.8, Xiangyang No.2, and Zhuhong Wu-inch etc., and conventional species of Chunjin Admiralty, and Kuroda, Japan. Series varieties.
(2) It is determined that sowing carrots are generally harvested in summer and autumn. In order to achieve the annual supply market, spring and summer sowing is its off-season cultivation, and the economic benefits are relatively high. It is very important to correctly determine the sowing date. Carrots generally require 90-120 days of growth after sowing.
Spring sowing: The first is to ensure that the temperature management does not cause convulsions during the seedling period, and the second is that the temperature during harvest cannot be too high. The best sowing time in northern regions is from late March to early April.
Autumn sowing: Set the sowing date by pushing the average temperature 21 degrees Celsius forward for 60 days. The best sowing date is in the middle and late July.
Seeding is too late, or the temperature during the harvest period is too low, the birth of the carrot is stopped, its yield is low, and the color is light, which seriously affects the product quality.
(3) Soil management Carrot requires a deep, fertile, sandy soil rich in humus and well-drained sandy loam. Poorly soiled or poorly drained soils are prone to dislocation, cracking, and even rot, which is particularly detrimental to long-rooted varieties. The cultivation layer should not be shallower than 25 cm in general, and the water content is 60%-80%. The soil is too dry, the fleshy roots are small and rough, the shape is not perfect, and the texture is rough. Excessively high soil moisture or excessive changes in dryness and humidity will produce multiple tumours on the root surface of the fleshy roots, which will affect yield and quality. Carrots require a soil pH of 5-8. When the pH is less than 5, carrots grow poorly.
Before planting, we must prepare well for the field, which is characterized by rich organic matter, soft sandy soil, good drainage performance, and deep tillage. Fertilizers are based on organic fertilizers. After the application of plough fine uniform, fertilization is best carried out 1 month before sowing.
Fertilizer amount N, P, K three elements of 15 kg per 667 square meters.
Rigging should be prepared one week before planting. If the soil is harder, it should be ploughed again and then ridged and ridged. The ridge width is 75 cm and the height is 20 cm.
(4) The spacing for sowing and sowing is 20-25 cm, and 2 rows are drilled. Cover the soil thoroughly after filling it. Then cover with wheat straw, wheat bran (preferably placed more than one year of water absorption performance is better) or grass lotus seeds, and then poured enough water on top to maintain adequate humidity, to ensure that germination is early and neat.
The sowing volume per 667 square meters during autumn is 150g. In spring sowing, the low temperature in the early stage will affect the germination rate and its uniformity. The amount of seeding is a little more.
Seeding must be broadcast. Too little seeding, too much seed spacing, and lack of ability to break earth will also result in low germination rates and poor uniformity.
(5) Carrot seedlings need to be managed during the seedling stage and are generally divided into 2 runs. The first true leaves grow to 2-3 seedlings at intervals of 2-3 cm; the second time at 5-6 shoots, with an interval of 8-10 cm.
Carrot root hypertrophy is closely related to the gap between adjacent plants, ie the planting density. If one-time seedlings are sowed or if the seedlings are seeded only once, the seedlings are too small and too thin to fall down due to wind and rain, resulting in a poorly shaped root. In addition, if the planting density suddenly drops, it will cause excessive fertility, easy to form a thick heart, rough skin, cracking will increase. On the contrary, excessive density of late seedlings is the reason for the formation of short roots. In combination with the proper growth of the fertility process, it is scientific to have at least two times of seedlings depending on the growth status.
2, watering and fertilizing Carrots should be prevented from drought within 60 days after sowing, pay attention to moderate irrigation. Therefore, there is a saying that “three waters after sowing will be used to keep Miao and Qi Miaoâ€, “Sanshui†will be watered when it is sown and watered when it is not dry, and water will be poured when the young shoots are top soil. In particular, 4-7 pieces of true leaves (30-50 days after sowing) had a greater impact on the roots under the drought, and the rooting rate also increased. Therefore, maintain proper humidity. Excessive humidity can promote the occurrence of diseases and increase the fibrous rooting rate.
According to the early stage of carrots, nitrogen absorption was the main factor. Phosphorous and potassium had the greatest influence on root swelling. The absorption of calcium was lower than that of potassium and nitrogen, and it was higher than that of phosphorus and magnesium. It focused on applying base fertilizer and timely top dressing.
(1) For basal fertilizers, the total amount of manure and urine is 4000-5000 kg per 667 m2, or 4,000 kg for compost, 35 kg for diammonium phosphate and 25-30 kg for potassium sulfate. Shiji Fei should be combined with cultivated land before sowing, with the depth of ploughing being 24-27 cm, and then ploughing and boring. In the north, it is less rainy and it is better to be flat. In the south, it is rainy. When fertilization can be superphosphate calcium phosphorus content prevail, conversion of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers to increase the content of magnesium in the soil. Fertilization has a great influence on the shape of fleshy roots. Increasing the use of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer can reduce the occurrence of malformed fleshy roots. If a large amount of fertilizer is used or organic fertilizers are not cooked, the deformed roots can be easily increased.
(2) In addition to the application of basal fertilizer, topdressing should be performed 2-3 times depending on the different growth stages of carrots. The first time in 25-30 days after emergence, when there are 3-4 true leaves, 2.5-3 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters, 3-3.5 kg of superphosphate and 3-3.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. The second time dressing is in the leaf growing season, applying 7-8 kg ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters and 1.5-2 kg potassium fertilizer. The third top-dressing in the flourishing root of fleshy roots, applied 7-8 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters, 3.5-4 kg of superphosphate and 4-5 kg ​​of potassium fertilizer. In addition to chemical fertilizers, fertilizers can also be used to make organic fertilizers. Each 1000-2000 kg of fertilizer applied per 667 square meters can be poured into the water. In the late stage of growth or before harvest, no fertilizer or water is allowed. Otherwise, it is prone to cause cracking and is not conducive to storage. In the middle and later stages of fertility, topdressing should be applied in combination with soil cultivation.
3, thermoregulation, light control carrots for the semi-cold crops, the temperature requirements and radish similar, but compared with radish cold, heat, can be sowed earlier than the radish, delayed harvest. Gao Man has a negative effect on the enlargement and coloration of fleshy roots; the soil temperature below 12 degrees Celsius is also not conducive to the enlargement and coloration of fleshy roots. Carrots are long-daylight plants. Insufficient illumination will cause narrow leaves, elongated petioles, malnutrition in the lower leaves and premature decline, and reduce yield and quality.
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