Feeding characteristics of suckling piglets

Feeding suckling piglets is one of the important aspects of pig production. At present, in the production practice of raising piglets, the main problem is the low survival rate and slow weight gain of the piglets. In order to solve this problem, we should grasp the physiological characteristics of piglets and adopt effective feeding and management measures to obtain the highest survival rate and the largest weaning weight.
Growth and development are fast, and the material metabolism of vigorous piglets grows rapidly after birth, which is a very big feature. Generally, piglets weigh about 1 kg at birth. At 10 days of age, the body weight is more than 2 times greater than the birth weight. The 30-day-old is 5 times to 6 times larger than the first-born. The 60-day-old is 10 times to 13 times.
The rapid growth of piglets after their first birth is based on vigorous material metabolism. Generally 20 days after birth, piglets have 9 to 14 grams of protein deposited per kilogram, which is 30 to 35 times that of adult pigs. The metabolism of minerals is also higher than that of adult pigs. In piglets per kilogram of weight gain, they contain approximately 7 grams to 9 grams of calcium and 4 grams to 5 grams of phosphorus. It can be seen that the need for nutrients in piglets, both quantitatively and qualitatively, is sensitive to malnutrition. Therefore, it is very important to provide a comprehensive diet for piglets.
Underdeveloped digestive organs, impaired digestive function. The digestive tract volume and weight of newborn piglets are very small. The stomach volume is only 20 ml to 40 ml and the weight is only 4 g to 5 g. Digestive function is not sound. In the first 20 days of piglets, there is only rennin in the stomach, lack of free hydrochloric acid, low content of pepsin, and no activity. Plus the secretion of pig's stomach juice, only the feed enters the stomach and stimulates the stomach wall directly. A small amount of secretion. The digestion of proteins depends mainly on the pancreatic and intestinal fluids in the small intestine. Therefore, piglets have poor digestion and can only use milk proteins better. Gastro-intestinal pigs have very low levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and poor bactericidal capacity, which can easily lead to disease and diarrhoea.
Practice has proved that early feeding of piglets can directly stimulate the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid, improve digestive power of piglets, and enhance resistance to disease.
Lack of immunity, easy to get sick When piglets are born, there is no innate immunity. Only after colostrum is eaten, rely on colostrum to pass maternal antibodies to piglets to increase immunity, but the immunoglobulin in colostrum is postpartum. Decline in 5 days. Only 10 days after the start of piglets, self-immune antibody production, to 30 days of age ~ 35 days before the number is still small, therefore, 6 days to 21 days of age is piglets immune globulin is not connected to the stage, the most vulnerable to diarrhea, Pneumonia and other diseases. At this time pigs feed on feeds, there is no inhibitory effect on the pathogenic microorganisms that enter the stomach with feed and drinking water, which is why piglets are sick. The function of regulating body temperature is not perfect, most afraid of cold newborn piglet brain development is not perfect, poor body temperature regulation, especially cold. At this time, if the temperature in the pig house is too low, or if the piglets are not properly cared for, they are easily frozen to death, combined with the unresponsiveness of the piglet's primary birth, the action is inflexible, and it is easily crushed and trampled to death. In the early spring or winter when littering, the cold insulation of the pig house and the nursing of the newborn piglets should be done.
There are three critical periods in the nursing of newborn piglets: 7 days of birth, 8 days to 25 days, and 25 days of weaning. In these three periods, the previous 7 days were critical periods. The environmental conditions of piglets have changed suddenly after birth. The biggest change is the temperature. In particular, during the winter season, the temperature is often below -20°C or below, which is inconsistent with the poor body temperature regulation and inflexible behavior of piglets. If feeding is poorly managed, it can easily die.

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