How greenhouses reduce air humidity

If the humidity inside the greenhouse is too high, it creates an ideal environment for the rapid spread of pathogens, leading to more severe plant diseases that can significantly hinder crop growth. Controlling humidity is therefore essential for maintaining a healthy growing environment. The key principle of humidity control in greenhouses is "head wet and dry," meaning that the air should be kept dry while the soil remains moist. To effectively lower humidity, several practical methods can be applied: 1. **Ventilation** – Opening vents allows moist air to escape and brings in drier outside air. This is one of the most straightforward ways to reduce humidity, but it must be balanced with the need for insulation, especially during colder periods. 2. **Drip-Free Film** – Using a drip-free film helps prevent water droplets from forming on the inside of the greenhouse cover. This not only reduces humidity but also improves light transmission by 10–15% compared to regular agricultural films, which helps raise temperatures and further lowers moisture levels. 3. **Mulching** – Applying mulch on the ground significantly reduces soil evaporation, which in turn decreases the amount of moisture released into the air. This also means less frequent watering, helping to maintain lower humidity levels. 4. **Drip Irrigation** – Using drip or subsurface irrigation systems minimizes water contact with the air, reducing the risk of increased humidity. These systems are efficient, saving water, labor, and fertilizers, while also preventing soil compaction and temperature drops. By limiting the area of wet soil, they can reduce relative humidity by over 10%. 5. **Under-Membrane Drip Irrigation** – Combining drip irrigation with mulch is one of the most effective strategies for lowering humidity. The method involves creating raised beds, placing drip tubes in the center, and then covering them with mulch. This approach keeps the soil moist while keeping the air dry. 6. **Dust and Smog Methods** – Traditional spraying increases humidity, which is bad for disease prevention. Instead, using dust or smog application methods avoids this issue and improves the effectiveness of pest and disease control. 7. **Morning Dehydration** – After high humidity in the morning, avoid releasing air unless necessary. If possible, raise the temperature (e.g., up to 32°C for cucumbers) as much as the crops can tolerate. As temperature rises, humidity naturally decreases. Once the optimal temperature is reached, ventilation can begin. 8. **Scattered Wetlands** – On sunny days, when the greenhouse is warm, the top layer of soil becomes dry, accelerating evaporation. At the same time, this process closes soil pores, preventing deeper moisture from rising to the surface. 9. **Reflective Screens** – Hanging reflective screens not only enhances light intensity but also raises the temperature near the ground by about 2°C. Since humidity decreases with increasing temperature, these screens also help reduce moisture levels in the air. By implementing these strategies, greenhouse growers can effectively manage humidity, reduce disease risks, and create a more favorable environment for crop development.

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