How to Incubate Poultry Eggs with Hot Water
First, prepare the incubator.
1. Incubation Room: Choose a dry and temperature-controlled space that can maintain warmth in cold weather and stay cool in hot conditions. The size of the room should match the scale of your hatching project.
2. Hatching Bed: Construct a bed that is 2 meters long and 1 meter wide, with 18 cm high wooden boards or fences around it. Depending on how many eggs you plan to hatch, you can use either a single-layer or multi-layer setup for better space efficiency.
3. Hot Water Bags: These can be made from commercially available double-layer agricultural plastic film. Each bag should be about 1 meter wide and 4 meters long per hatching bed. Seal one long side and fold the other sides to create an opening for easily replacing hot and cold water.
4. Thermometer: Place 3-4 red liquid thermometers on each hatching bed to monitor the temperature accurately. Ensure they are positioned in different areas—center, left, and right—for consistent readings.
5. Insulation Materials: Each bed needs approximately 3-4 kg of batting, 1 cotton blanket, and a white mat cloth that's about 1 meter wide and 2 meters long. These materials help retain heat and protect the eggs during the hatching process.
Second, the hatching method:
1. Placing Eggs on the Bed: Start by laying a 10-15 cm thick layer of old cotton or hay at the bottom of the bed as an insulating base. Then cover it with old newspaper. Place the hot water bag flat on the bed and surround it with cotton wool to ensure good insulation. Fill the bag with hot water at around 40°C until it swells to a height of 12-15 cm. Lay a white cloth over the bag and place the eggs one by one on top. Position the thermometers under the eggs in the center and at both ends of the bed, then cover the eggs with batting and a cotton blanket for extra warmth.
2. Temperature Control: Monitor the temperature regularly and adjust it by adding more hot water to the bags or covering them with additional blankets. Check the thermometers every 3-4 hours and make necessary adjustments to keep the temperature stable.
3. Turning the Eggs: Begin turning the eggs 12 hours after the hatching process starts and continue until the eggs hatch. Turn them every 3-4 hours, especially when checking the temperature. This helps prevent the embryos from sticking to the shell and promotes even development.
4. Ventilation: After the first 7-10 days of hatching, especially during winter and spring, ventilate the area once daily. Remove the cover and allow the eggs to air out for a short time. When the egg temperature drops to around 33-35°C, gradually replace the cover and return to the original temperature. This ensures proper oxygen flow while maintaining a safe environment for the developing embryos.
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