Plug valve overview
Plug valve is a type of valve that uses a plug as the closing element, which has a through hole to allow or block fluid flow. The plug rotates around its axis via a stem to control the opening and closing of the valve. Small, non-packed plug valves are commonly referred to as "Cocks." The plug itself is usually conical (or sometimes cylindrical) and works with a conical seat inside the valve body to create a sealing interface. One of the oldest types of valves, plug valves are known for their simple design, quick operation, and low fluid resistance. However, traditional plug valves rely on direct metal-to-metal contact for sealing, which often results in poor sealing performance, higher operating torque, and quicker wear. As a result, they are typically used in low-pressure applications (not exceeding 1 MPa) and for smaller pipe sizes (less than 100 mm). To improve their performance and expand their application range, various new designs have been developed. Oil-lubricated plug valves are an important category, where special grease is injected between the plug and the valve body to form a lubricating film. This reduces the torque needed to open and close the valve, enhances sealing, and extends service life. These valves can operate at pressures up to 64 MPa, temperatures as high as 325°C, and diameters up to 600 mm. The flow passage of a plug valve can come in different configurations. A straight-through design is commonly used for shutoff purposes, while three-way and four-way versions are suitable for fluid diversion. In these cases, the plug is a perforated cylinder that rotates perpendicular to the flow direction to control the passage. Plug valves are primarily used to control the flow of media in pipes and equipment. Their main advantages include: 1. Suitable for frequent operations due to fast and easy actuation. 2. Low fluid resistance. 3. Simple structure, compact size, lightweight, and easy maintenance. 4. Good sealing performance when properly designed. 5. Not restricted by installation orientation, allowing flexible flow direction. 6. Minimal vibration and low noise during operation. Based on their structural design, plug valves can be categorized into four types: compact plug valves, self-sealing plug valves, packing-type plug valves, and oil-lubricated plug valves. Each type offers specific benefits depending on the application requirements.
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