Cultivation Techniques of Chinese Cabbage with Small Sheds in Early Spring

First, selecting the right varieties is crucial. Opt for short-season types that mature in about 50 to 60 days, with strong winter resistance and a tendency to form tight heads. Suitable varieties include Jianchun, Yangchun, Qiangchun, and the Spring and Summer Kings. These varieties are well-suited for early spring planting and can withstand cooler temperatures. Second, nurturing strong seedlings is essential. In early spring, Chinese cabbage must be carefully managed to avoid vernalization, which can cause premature bolting. Start by growing seedlings in greenhouses, hotbeds, or improved yangshuo (a traditional Chinese method of raising seedlings). Keep the temperature in the seedbed as low as 15°C to prevent early vernalization. Sow seeds between late December and mid-January. Soak the seeds in warm water before placing them on a cloth in an environment of 20–28°C to promote germination. Prepare nutrient-rich soil by mixing black soil, composted manure, and a small amount of sifted ash. Spread this mixture in a 4- to 5-cm layer, then use a fork to create small mounds about 4 cm in size. Place one seed in each mound and avoid reseeding or missing any spots. After sowing, cover the seeds lightly with fine soil. Third, proper planting techniques are key. Early spring cabbage is usually planted in mid-March. Ensure that the seedlings have no more than six leaves, as too many leaves may trigger vernalization. Plant them with row spacing of 50–55 cm and plant spacing of 40–45 cm, resulting in approximately 3,000 plants per acre. Fourth, managing fertilization and irrigation is important. Since the growth period is only 50–60 days, it's vital to apply sufficient base fertilizer. During the early growth stage, use nitrogen-rich fertilizers like urea to promote leaf development and head formation. Watering should be limited during the seedling stage due to low temperatures, focusing instead on soil conservation. Once the rosette stage begins, increase both water and fertilizer. During the head-forming stage, prioritize potassium-based fertilizers, followed by nitrogen. A typical application would be 20–25 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, along with 10–15 kg of urea per acre. To ensure a firm head, spray a 600–800 times dilution of a cabbage core agent two to three times during the early ball stage. Fifth, pest and disease control is necessary. While spring cabbage generally has fewer pests compared to summer and autumn crops, downy mildew may still appear. At the early stages, treat it with fungicides such as B-aluminophosphate or Precore. For insect pests like aphids and cabbage worms, use insecticides such as omethoate or vanillin. For cabbage caterpillars, Bt emulsion, diflubenzuron, or deltamethrin can be applied to target larvae at the second or third instar stage. Finally, timely harvesting is critical. Harvest when the heads are firm, ideally before the weather becomes too warm. Delaying harvest can lead to decay as temperatures rise. Aim to complete the harvest before the grazing season to ensure the best quality and yield.

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