How to improve the survival rate of bred brooding
Quail farming has become a promising and emerging poultry project in recent years, yet many farmers still lack sufficient knowledge about it. To help reduce the learning curve and avoid unnecessary mistakes, we are sharing our practical experience with you.
The first step in successful quail rearing is proper disinfection. Before bringing in the chicks, thoroughly clean the brooding area. Place the cages, feeders, water troughs, and any waste into the room. Then close the doors and windows. Use 20 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter along with 40 milliliters of formaldehyde for fumigation, leaving it for 24 hours. Afterward, open the windows to ventilate and eliminate the odor. Finally, perform two rounds of spraying with a disinfectant solution to ensure a clean environment.
Temperature is one of the most critical factors affecting the survival rate of newly hatched chicks. Two days before the hatch, start heating the room using a safe method, such as a chimney stove, to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning. Maintain the temperature between 34°C and 35°C. If it's too hot, chicks may suffer from heatstroke; if it's too cold, they might crowd together and die. The thermometer should be placed at the same height as the chicks' heads. Humidity should be kept at 60% to 70% during the first week and then reduced to 50% to 60% after that. Excessive humidity can lead to coccidiosis and respiratory issues, so monitoring is essential.
Chicks must have access to boiled water within 24 hours of hatching. Boil the water and cool it down to around 36°C. Add 1 gram of a multi-vitamin solution per liter of water and let them drink it continuously for three days. Avoid giving them water immediately after hatching. Once they start drinking, you can introduce food. On the first day, mix cooked eggs with commercial feed. For every 100 eggs, add 2-3 pieces of cooked egg. Mix the feed with a small amount of water to form damp pellets and spread them on paper so the chicks can eat freely. Continue this for the first three days, then switch to feeding troughs. Due to high temperatures and humidity, feed should be provided in small quantities and frequently to prevent mold growth.
Proper ventilation is crucial during the brooding period to ensure healthy growth. If possible, use a fan to maintain fresh air circulation. Clean the litter twice daily to control odors and maintain hygiene. Overcrowding can lead to stress, fighting, and disease, while understocking wastes space and increases costs. A recommended density is 80 chicks per square meter for the first 10 days, and 50 per square meter from 11 to 30 days old.
Light plays a significant role in the growth, appetite, and overall health of quails. Provide 24 hours of light for the first two weeks, then reduce it to 16 hours per day. The light intensity should be around 3 watts per square meter. Too much light can cause feather pecking or other behavioral issues. After 20 days, gradually reduce the light exposure. When trimming the beak, use scissors and only cut the tip without causing harm.
From day 2 to day 6, provide Enrofloxacin (0.25%) in the drinking water to prevent white diarrhea. At 8 days old, administer the Newcastle disease II strain vaccine. Between 2 and 3 weeks, give penicillin (20 million units per dose) to prevent bacterial infections and coccidiosis. After 3 weeks, use Norfloxacin or Enrofloxacin in the water to prevent Salmonella. Disinfect the area twice a week during the brooding period, and increase to once daily if an outbreak occurs.
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