Sound test can diagnose Alzheimer's disease

In recent years, a groundbreaking approach has emerged in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Researchers in the United States have initiated clinical trials using computer programs that analyze brainwave activity during simple acoustic tests to identify early signs of the condition. With an estimated 24 million people worldwide affected by Alzheimer’s-related dementia, early diagnosis remains a critical challenge. Currently, the only definitive method involves examining brain protein deposits after death, while cognitive and memory tests are often used for preliminary assessments. However, these methods are not always accurate—community hospitals can only detect about 75% of cases, while specialists achieve around 85% to 90% accuracy. Robin Policka, a computer engineer at Roven University, developed a new diagnostic tool that uses brainwave data from acoustic stimuli. Participants wear an electrode cap while listening to a mix of high-pitched "target" tones and low-pitched background tones. When a target tone is heard, they press a button, and their brain response is recorded. In healthy individuals, a distinct brainwave peak called the P300 response occurs approximately 300 milliseconds after the tone. The software measures this peak's timing and intensity, which tend to be weaker and delayed in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s. During clinical trials, the system tested 28 early-stage Alzheimer’s patients and 24 healthy individuals. It performed 52 different analyses, randomly dividing participants into groups and predicting the final person's group. The program achieved an average accuracy rate of 79%, outperforming many community hospitals. Researchers plan to expand testing to more patients, aiming to make this technology accessible to those without access to specialized clinics. Ongoing studies also explore its potential in diagnosing other conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, where up to 30% of patients eventually develop dementia. By improving early detection, this innovative method could significantly enhance treatment outcomes and patient care.

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