The reason why the sow is not estrus for a long time and the solution

First, sows often do not show estrus for a long time after giving birth. There are several possible reasons for this: 1. **Uterine infections or other diseases**: Sows suffering from endometritis, erythema, mycoplasmosis, or parvovirus may experience prolonged anestrus after weaning. These conditions can interfere with the normal hormonal cycle and delay the return to estrus. 2. **Nutritional deficiencies or moldy feed poisoning**: If sows are fed poor-quality feed that is either nutritionally imbalanced or contaminated with mold, it can suppress the secretion of pituitary hormones, leading to delayed estrus. To address this, improve feed quality, avoid moldy feed, and supplement with vitamin A, E, or carrots to support reproductive health. 3. **Management issues**: Prolonged confinement in small spaces, such as in fixed stalls, can cause stress and reduce estrus activity. This is especially common in sows that are kept in the same environment for extended periods without sufficient movement or social interaction. **Solutions:** 1. **Identify and treat the underlying cause**: If a sow is not showing signs of estrus, first determine whether it's due to disease, nutrition, or management. Treat any infections promptly and adjust feeding practices accordingly. 2. **Improve feeding and management**: For gilts, using a breeding bar system can help increase breeding success. Once gilts reach mating age, place them in the breeding bar. If they don’t show estrus within 30 days, move them to a larger pen or outdoor area for 2–3 days to encourage social interaction and physical activity. Afterward, return them to the breeding bar and monitor for estrus. Repeat this process every 10 days for several cycles, which can significantly boost breeding rates, typically reaching over 85%. For **weaned sows**, the key is to help them transition quickly from the "lactation state" to the "estrus state." Within three days of weaning, moving them into a group setting (like a large pen or play area) can stimulate estrus by encouraging social behavior and reducing stress. However, after day four, some sows may start to show estrus, so it’s important to separate them and observe for 7–10 days. If they don’t come into heat, move them back to the breeding bar for another round. This method, when repeated, can achieve high breeding success. In cases of repeated infertility or persistent anestrus, administering LHRH-A3 (a hormone that stimulates ovulation) after the first breeding can help trigger estrus and improve conception rates. **Post-breeding care**: Once sows have been bred, they should not be kept in groups, as fighting can lead to early pregnancy loss. Instead, place them immediately into individual stalls. Avoid vaccinations and moldy feed during the first 30 days of pregnancy to ensure a healthy gestation. If all else fails, **hormonal treatments** can be used to induce estrus: - **FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)**: 10–25 mg intramuscularly. - **Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG)**: 200–800 units intramuscularly. - **Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)**: 500–1000 units intramuscularly. - **Prostaglandin**: 3–8 mg intramuscularly. - **Cloprostenol**: 175 μg intramuscularly. These methods, when applied correctly, can effectively restore estrus and improve reproductive performance in sows. Always consult a veterinarian before administering any medication to ensure safety and effectiveness.

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